Department of Biotechnology, Gitam Institute of Technology and Management (Deemed to be University), A.P. 530045, India.
Center for Electrochemical Science and Materials, Department of Chemistry, K.L.E. Institute of Technology, Gokul, Hubballi 580030, Karnataka, India.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jun 20;722:137927. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137927. Epub 2020 Mar 14.
This review emphasizes utilization of waste organic matters from water bodies and soil sources for sustainable energy development. These organic waste matters (including microplastics) from a variety of environmental sources have created a big challenge to utilize them for energy development for human needs, maintaining a cleaner environment and thereby, producing useful bioproducts (sustainable bioenergy or other primary metabolites). Anaerobic digestions as well as other effective wastewater treatment approaches are discussed. From the water bodies, waste organic matter reduction can be achieved by a reduction of chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand after the waste treatment. Other forms of organic waste matter are available in the form of agro wastes or residues (stalk of wheat or rice, maize, corn etc.) due to crop cultivation, which are generally burnt into ashes. Such wastes can be utilized for bioenergy energy production, which would help for the reduction of climate changes or other toxic gases. Hydrogen, bioelectricity, ethanol, butanol, methane and algal diesel or other types of fuel sources would help to provide sustainable source of bioenergy that can be produced from these wastes via degradation by the biological processes. This review will discuss in depths about the sustainable nature of organic matters to produce clean energy via application of efficient biological methods to maintain a clean environment, thereby providing alternative options to fossil energy fuels.
本综述强调了利用水体和土壤来源的废有机物来实现可持续能源开发。这些来自各种环境来源的有机废物（包括微塑料）给人类的能源开发带来了巨大的挑战，因为这需要在维持环境清洁的同时，生产有用的生物制品（可持续生物能源或其他初级代谢物）。本文讨论了厌氧消化以及其他有效的废水处理方法。从水体来看，通过废水处理可以降低化学需氧量和生物需氧量，从而减少废有机物。由于农作物种植，农业废物或残留物（麦秆或稻秆、玉米等）也以有机废物的形式存在，这些废物通常会被烧成灰烬。这些废物可用于生物能源生产，有助于减少气候变化或其他有毒气体。氢气、生物电能、乙醇、丁醇、甲烷和藻类柴油或其他类型的燃料来源将有助于提供可持续的生物能源，通过生物过程的降解，可以从这些废物中生产出这种能源。本文将深入讨论有机物质的可持续性，通过应用高效的生物方法来生产清洁能源，从而为化石能源燃料提供替代选择。
