Srivastava Rajesh K, Shetti Nagaraj P, Reddy Kakarla Raghava, Kwon Eilhann E, Nadagouda Mallikarjuna N, Aminabhavi Tejraj M
Department of Biotechnology, GIT, GITAM (Deemed to Be University), Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, 530045, (A.P.), India.
Department of Chemistry, K. L. E. Institute of Technology, Gokul, Hubballi, 580027, Karnataka, India.
Environ Pollut. 2021 May 1;276:116731. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116731. Epub 2021 Feb 11.
The availability of organic matters in vast quantities from the agricultural/industrial practices has long been a significant environmental challenge. These wastes have created global issues in increasing the levels of BOD or COD in water as well as in soil or air segments. Such wastes can be converted into bioenergy using a specific conversion platform in conjunction with the appropriate utilization of the methods such as anaerobic digestion, secondary waste treatment, or efficient hydrolytic breakdown as these can promote bioenergy production to mitigate the environmental issues. By the proper utilization of waste organics and by adopting innovative approaches, one can develop bioenergy processes to meet the energy needs of the society. Waste organic matters from plant origins or other agro-sources, biopolymers, or complex organic matters (cellulose, hemicelluloses, non-consumable starches or proteins) can be used as cheap raw carbon resources to produce biofuels or biogases to fulfill the ever increasing energy demands. Attempts have been made for bioenergy production by biosynthesizing, methanol, n-butanol, ethanol, algal biodiesel, and biohydrogen using different types of organic matters via biotechnological/chemical routes to meet the world's energy need by producing least amount of toxic gases (reduction up to 20-70% in concentration) in order to promote sustainable green environmental growth. This review emphasizes on the nature of available wastes, different strategies for its breakdown or hydrolysis, efficient microbial systems. Some representative examples of biomasses source that are used for bioenergy production by providing critical information are discussed. Furthermore, bioenergy production from the plant-based organic matters and environmental issues are also discussed. Advanced biofuels from the organic matters are discussed with efficient microbial and chemical processes for the promotion of biofuel production from the utilization of plant biomasses.
农业/工业活动产生的大量有机物质长期以来一直是一项重大的环境挑战。这些废物在增加水、土壤或空气段中的生化需氧量（BOD）或化学需氧量（COD）水平方面引发了全球性问题。利用特定的转化平台，并结合厌氧消化、二次废物处理或高效水解分解等方法的适当利用，这些废物可以转化为生物能源，因为这些方法可以促进生物能源生产，从而缓解环境问题。通过合理利用废弃有机物并采用创新方法，可以开发生物能源工艺来满足社会的能源需求。来自植物源或其他农业来源的废弃有机物、生物聚合物或复杂有机物（纤维素、半纤维素、不可食用淀粉或蛋白质）可以用作廉价的原始碳资源，以生产生物燃料或生物气，从而满足不断增长的能源需求。人们已经尝试通过生物技术/化学途径，利用不同类型的有机物生物合成甲醇、正丁醇、乙醇、藻类生物柴油和生物氢来生产生物能源，以通过产生最少的有毒气体（浓度降低20 - 70%）来满足世界能源需求，从而促进可持续的绿色环境增长。本综述重点关注可用废物的性质、其分解或水解的不同策略、高效的微生物系统。讨论了一些用于生物能源生产的生物质来源的代表性例子，并提供了关键信息。此外，还讨论了基于植物的有机物的生物能源生产和环境问题。讨论了来自有机物的先进生物燃料以及促进利用植物生物质生产生物燃料的高效微生物和化学过程。
