CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jun 20;722:137929. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137929. Epub 2020 Mar 13.
Determination of the geographical distribution and life-form spectra of alien species with different invasive abilities are essential to understand the process of invasion and to develop measures to manage alien species. Based on six classifications of Chinese alien species, environmental and social data, we determined species density, life-form spectrum of alien species, and the relationship between species density of alien species and climatic or social factors. The species density of alien species increased from the northwest to the southeast regions of China for all the six ranks. The boundary line between low and high species density of alien species was consistent with the dividing line of population density (the "Hu Line"). Mean annual precipitation was the most important factor for species density in malignant invaders, serious invaders, local invaders, and species requiring further observation (Ranks I, II, III, and V, respectively). Gross domestic product per square kilometer and annual minimum temperature were the most important factors in mild invaders and cultivated aliens (Ranks IV and VI, respectively). Annual and biennial herbs made up 52.9% to 71.2% of total species in Ranks I to IV; shrubs and trees 3.7% to 14.7%. The annual and biennial herbs were 35.5% and 32.6%, and the shrubs and trees were 25.3% and 31.6% in Ranks IV and VI. Results implied that precipitation was the most important factor on species density for the invasive alien species. However, social factors and temperature were the most important factors for the non-invasive alien species. The invasive alien species had a high proportion of annual and biennial herbs and non-invasive alien had a high proportion of shrubs and trees. It is important to understand the geographical distribution and life-form spectra of various invasive alien species for alien species controls.
确定不同入侵能力的外来物种的地理分布和生活型谱对于理解入侵过程和制定外来物种管理措施至关重要。本研究基于中国外来物种的 6 个分类、环境和社会数据，确定了物种密度、外来物种生活型谱以及外来物种密度与气候或社会因素之间的关系。所有 6 个等级的外来物种的物种密度均从中国的西北向东南地区增加。低物种密度和高物种密度的外来物种分界线与人口密度分界线（“胡焕庸线”）一致。平均年降水量是恶性入侵种、严重入侵种、局部入侵种和需要进一步观察的物种（分别为等级 I、II、III 和 V）物种密度的最重要因素。每平方公里国内生产总值和年最低温度是轻度入侵种和栽培外来种（分别为等级 IV 和 VI）物种密度的最重要因素。一年生和二年生草本植物占等级 I 到 IV 的总物种的 52.9%到 71.2%；灌木和乔木占 3.7%到 14.7%。一年生和二年生草本植物分别为 35.5%和 32.6%，灌木和乔木分别为 25.3%和 31.6%，在等级 IV 和 VI 中。结果表明，降水是影响入侵外来物种物种密度的最重要因素。然而，社会因素和温度是对非入侵外来物种物种密度最重要的因素。入侵外来物种有较高比例的一年生和二年生草本植物，而非入侵外来物种有较高比例的灌木和乔木。了解各种入侵外来物种的地理分布和生活型谱对于外来物种的控制非常重要。
