CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Dec 20;749:141443. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141443. Epub 2020 Aug 3.
Determination of dispersal strategies of alien species and its relationship with social and climatic factors are essential to understand the mechanisms of species invasion and adaption. Based on morphological trait, dispersal mode, and dispersal agent of diaspore of 562 alien species across China, we determined: (i) the proportions of five dispersal strategies (i.e., autochory, anemochory, hydrochory, zoochory, and anthropochory), (ii) the relationships between the dispersal strategies and socio-climatic factors in 34 administrative regions across China, and (iii) the correlations between different dispersal strategies. Anthropochory, zoochory, and anemochory account for nearly 90.0% of all the dispersal strategies of alien species. Mean frost days (MFD), mean annual humidity (MAH), and gross domestic product (GDP) were the main climatic and social factors that were correlated to different dispersal strategies. Zoochory was positively related to MFD, but negatively related to the autochory and anthropochory. MAH negatively influenced the anemochory, while GDP positively influenced the hydrochory. We classified the six dispersal strategies into two groups based on the correlations among dispersal strategies, group I included autochory and anthropochory, and group II included anemochory, hydrochory, and zoochory. Within a group, dispersal strategies were positively correlated, while between groups, dispersal strategies were negatively correlated. Positive correlation between different strategies might be co-owned while negative correlation between different strategies might not be co-owned by one alien species. Understanding the characteristics of the dispersal strategies of alien species is important for policy makers when controlling the dispersal of malignant invasive alien species, predicting the distribution, and decreasing or cutting off the dispersal pathways of invasive alien species.
确定外来物种的扩散策略及其与社会和气候因素的关系对于理解物种入侵和适应的机制至关重要。基于中国 562 种外来物种的形态特征、扩散方式和扩散体，我们确定了：(i) 五种扩散策略（即自播、风播、水播、动物传播和人为传播）的比例；(ii) 34 个行政区域内扩散策略与社会气候因素的关系；(iii) 不同扩散策略之间的相关性。人为传播、动物传播和风播占所有外来物种扩散策略的近 90.0%。平均霜日（MFD）、年平均湿度（MAH）和国内生产总值（GDP）是与不同扩散策略相关的主要气候和社会因素。动物传播与 MFD 呈正相关，与自播和人为传播呈负相关。MAH 对外播有负面影响，而 GDP 对水播有积极影响。我们根据扩散策略之间的相关性将六种扩散策略分为两组，组 I 包括自播和人为传播，组 II 包括风播、水播和动物传播。组内的扩散策略呈正相关，而组间的扩散策略呈负相关。不同策略之间的正相关可能是共同拥有的，而不同策略之间的负相关可能不是由一个外来物种共同拥有的。了解外来物种扩散策略的特征对于决策者控制恶性入侵外来物种的扩散、预测分布以及减少或切断入侵外来物种的扩散途径非常重要。
