Shabalina L P, Spiridonova V S
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical Institute, USSR.
J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol. 1988;32(4):397-405.
Investigation of the parameters of toxicity of 8 zinc compounds revealed some differences in the degree of their risk for persons working with them. The following TSELs (tentative safe exposure levels of harmful substances) have been determined: 0.5 mg/m3 for zinc nitrate and hydrogen and dihydrogen zinc phosphates, 2 mg/m3 for zinc carbonate and zinc selenide, as well as MAC (maximum allowable concentration) for zinc sulphide equal to 5 mg/m3. No TSEL have been set for zinc caprylate and zinc stearate, but intratracheal administration of 50 mg caprylate caused 100%, of stearate 50% death of experimental animals due to pulmonary edema. Maximum tolerable doses were 10 and 1 mg, respectively. Zinc nitrate shows an expressed irritative effect on the skin and a highly expressed effect on the conjunctiva. Zinc phosphates, zinc caprylate and zinc stearate are resorbed by the skin. In all cases, working persons must be protected from the effect of the compounds under study because even though the toxicity of a compound may be rather low, highly noxious compounds may develop in the course of the technological process, e.g., in mechanical treatment of zinc selenide and zinc sulphide monocrystals, hydrogen selenide and hydrogen sulphide, respectively, can be isolated.
对8种锌化合物的毒性参数进行研究后发现，它们对接触者的风险程度存在一些差异。已确定以下暂定安全接触水平（TSEL）：硝酸锌、磷酸氢锌和磷酸二氢锌为0.5毫克/立方米，碳酸锌和硒化锌为2毫克/立方米，硫化锌的最大允许浓度（MAC）为5毫克/立方米。辛酸锌和硬脂酸锌未设定TSEL，但气管内给予50毫克辛酸导致实验动物100%死亡，给予50毫克硬脂酸导致50%死亡，原因是肺水肿。最大耐受剂量分别为10毫克和1毫克。硝酸锌对皮肤有明显的刺激作用，对结膜有高度明显的作用。磷酸锌、辛酸锌和硬脂酸锌可被皮肤吸收。在所有情况下，必须保护工作人员免受所研究化合物的影响，因为即使一种化合物的毒性可能相当低，但在工艺过程中可能会产生高毒性化合物，例如，在机械处理硒化锌和硫化锌单晶时，可能分别释放出硒化氢和硫化氢。
