State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021;16(1):83-94. doi: 10.2174/1574888X15666200326093410.
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease are very harmful brain lesions. Due to the difficulty in obtaining therapeutic drugs, the best treatment for neurodegenerative diseases is often not available. In addition, the bloodbrain barrier can effectively prevent the transfer of cells, particles and macromolecules (such as drugs) in the brain, resulting in the failure of the traditional drug delivery system to provide adequate cellular structure repair and connection modes, which are crucial for the functional recovery of neurodegenerative diseases. Nanomaterials are designed to carry drugs across the blood-brain barrier for targets. Nanotechnology uses engineering materials or equipment to interact with biological systems at the molecular level to induce physiological responses through stimulation, response and target site interactions, while minimizing the side effects, thus revolutionizing the treatment and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Some magnetic nanomaterials play a role as imaging agents or nanoprobes for Magnetic Resonance Imaging to assist in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Although the current research on nanomaterials is not as useful as expected in clinical applications, it achieves a major breakthrough and guides the future development direction of nanotechnology in the application of neurodegenerative diseases. This review briefly discusses the application and advantages of nanomaterials in neurodegenerative diseases. Data for this review were identified by searches of PubMed, and references from relevant articles published in English between 2015 and 2019 using the search terms "nanomaterials", "neurodegenerative diseases" and "blood-brain barrier".
神经退行性疾病，包括阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和亨廷顿病，都是非常有害的脑部病变。由于难以获得治疗药物，神经退行性疾病的最佳治疗方法往往不可用。此外，血脑屏障可以有效阻止细胞、颗粒和大分子（如药物）在大脑中的转移，导致传统药物输送系统无法为神经退行性疾病提供足够的细胞结构修复和连接方式，这对神经退行性疾病的功能恢复至关重要。纳米材料旨在将药物携带穿过血脑屏障到达靶点。纳米技术使用工程材料或设备在分子水平上与生物系统相互作用，通过刺激、反应和靶位相互作用诱导生理反应，同时最小化副作用，从而彻底改变神经退行性疾病的治疗和诊断方式。一些磁性纳米材料可作为磁共振成像的造影剂或纳米探针，以协助神经退行性疾病的诊断。尽管目前纳米材料的研究在临床应用中并没有达到预期的效果，但它在神经退行性疾病的应用中取得了重大突破，并指导了纳米技术未来的发展方向。本文简要讨论了纳米材料在神经退行性疾病中的应用和优势。本综述的数据来源于 PubMed 的检索，使用“nanomaterials”、“neurodegenerative diseases”和“blood-brain barrier”等检索词，检索了 2015 年至 2019 年期间发表的英文相关文章的参考文献。
