Silva Adaya Daniela, Aguirre-Cruz Lucinda, Guevara Jorge, Ortiz-Islas Emma
1 Experimental Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez, México City, Mexico.
2 Laboratory of Neuroimmunoendocrinology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez, México City, Mexico.
J Biomater Appl. 2017 Feb;31(7):953-984. doi: 10.1177/0885328216659032. Epub 2016 Nov 11.
The blood-brain barrier is the interface between the blood and brain, impeding the passage of most circulating cells and molecules, protecting the latter from foreign substances, and maintaining central nervous system homeostasis. However, its restrictive nature constitutes an obstacle, preventing therapeutic drugs from entering the brain. Usually, a large systemic dose is required to achieve pharmacological therapeutic levels in the brain, leading to adverse effects in the body. As a consequence, various strategies are being developed to enhance the amount and concentration of therapeutic compounds in the brain. One such tool is nanotechnology, in which nanostructures that are 1-100 nm are designed to deliver drugs to the brain. In this review, we examine many nanotechnology-based approaches to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The review begins with a brief history of nanotechnology, followed by a discussion of its definition, the properties of most reported nanomaterials, their biocompatibility, the mechanisms of cell-material interactions, and the current status of nanotechnology in treating Alzheimer's, Parkinson's diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Of all strategies to deliver drug to the brain that are used in nanotechnology, drug release systems are the most frequently reported.
血脑屏障是血液与大脑之间的界面，它阻碍大多数循环细胞和分子的通过，保护大脑免受外来物质的侵害，并维持中枢神经系统的稳态。然而，其限制性本质构成了一个障碍，阻止治疗药物进入大脑。通常，需要大剂量的全身给药才能在大脑中达到药理治疗水平，从而导致身体出现不良反应。因此，人们正在开发各种策略来提高大脑中治疗化合物的数量和浓度。纳米技术就是这样一种工具，其中设计1-100纳米的纳米结构将药物输送到大脑。在这篇综述中，我们研究了许多基于纳米技术的神经退行性疾病治疗方法。综述首先简要介绍了纳米技术的历史，接着讨论了其定义、大多数已报道纳米材料的特性、它们的生物相容性、细胞与材料相互作用的机制，以及纳米技术在治疗阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和肌萎缩侧索硬化症方面的现状。在纳米技术中用于将药物输送到大脑的所有策略中，药物释放系统是报道最为频繁的。
