Faculty of Education, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39042 Brixen-Bressanone, Italy.
Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 24;17(6):2166. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17062166.
This study examined the effectiveness of a 10-wk intervention program based on occupational therapy principles on visual-motor integration skills and fine motor abilities in kindergartners and first graders. We recruited 55 students tested three times with the Visual-Motor Integration Test (VMI) and Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2): before the intervention (T1), post-intervention (T2) and one month later (T3). Research findings: Significant improvements were found on VMI between T1 and T2, particularly for kindergartners. Neither group of children demonstrated changes on manual dexterity scores. The present study showed that the intervention program led to different changes in the at-risk of motor impairment group than in the not at-risk children. Results indicated that games and stimulation activities helped children below the 16th percentile over time in the manual dexterity domain. A gender effect was observed, with female children increasing their abilities over time more than male peers. Future research should concentrate on stimulating fine motor skills in hand manipulation and test how these abilities influence graphomotor skills and handwriting over time. Finally, more research is needed to determine the impact of activities and games carried out in educational settings.
本研究旨在检验基于作业治疗原理的 10 周干预方案对幼儿园和一年级学生的视动整合技能和精细运动能力的有效性。我们招募了 55 名学生，用视觉运动整合测试（VMI）和儿童运动评估测试-2（MABC-2）对他们进行了三次测试：干预前（T1）、干预后（T2）和一个月后（T3）。研究结果：VMI 在 T1 和 T2 之间有显著提高，特别是对幼儿园学生。两组儿童的手灵巧性评分都没有变化。本研究表明，干预方案对有运动障碍风险的儿童群体产生了不同于无风险儿童的变化。研究结果表明，随着时间的推移，游戏和刺激活动有助于提高低于第 16 百分位数的儿童的手灵巧性。研究还观察到了性别效应，女性儿童的能力随着时间的推移增长超过了男性同伴。未来的研究应集中于刺激手的精细运动技能，并测试这些能力如何随时间推移影响图形运动技能和书写。最后，需要更多的研究来确定在教育环境中开展的活动和游戏的影响。
