Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Jun;27(16):19561-19576. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-08367-2. Epub 2020 Mar 26.
Seawater intrusion is a common problem in coastal areas. The rational distribution of groundwater exploitation can minimize the scope of seawater intrusion and maximize groundwater exploitation. In this study, an optimization method for the groundwater exploitation layout in coastal areas was proposed. Based on the numerical simulation model of variable-density groundwater, a multiobjective groundwater management model was constructed with the objectives of maximizing groundwater exploitation and minimizing seawater intrusion. The optimization model was solved by nondominated sorted genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). To improve the computational efficiency of the optimization model, the surrogate models of the groundwater simulation model were built by using three different methods: kriging, support vector regression (SVR), and kernel extreme learning machines (KELM). Finally, the above methods were tested in Longkou City of China. The results show that the use of surrogate models can greatly reduce the computing time for solving seawater intrusion management problems. The surrogate model of the variable-density groundwater simulation model based on the SVR method has the best performance. The groundwater exploitation layout optimized by the above method is reasonable and can reflect the actual hydrogeological conditions in the study area. This study provides a reliable way to optimize the groundwater exploitation layout in coastal areas.
海水入侵是沿海地区的一个常见问题。合理分配地下水开采可以最大限度地减少海水入侵范围，最大限度地提高地下水开采量。本研究提出了一种沿海地区地下水开采布局的优化方法。基于变密度地下水数值模拟模型，构建了以最大化地下水开采量和最小化海水入侵量为目标的多目标地下水管理模型。采用非支配排序遗传算法-Ⅱ（NSGA-Ⅱ）对优化模型进行求解。为了提高优化模型的计算效率，采用克里金法、支持向量回归（SVR）和核极限学习机（KELM）三种不同方法构建了地下水模拟模型的代理模型。最后，在中国龙口市对上述方法进行了测试。结果表明，代理模型的使用可以大大减少求解海水入侵管理问题的计算时间。基于 SVR 方法的变密度地下水模拟模型的代理模型性能最佳。上述方法优化的地下水开采布局合理，能反映研究区实际的水文地质条件。本研究为优化沿海地区地下水开采布局提供了可靠的方法。
