Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States.
Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States.
Prog Neurobiol. 2020 Jul;190:101797. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101797. Epub 2020 Mar 23.
Recent evidence suggests that the human brain automatically constructs a rich model of other people's attention, beyond registering low-level cues such as someone else's gaze direction. This model is not a physically accurate representation of attention, but instead appears to contain simplifying and physically incoherent features. For example, without explicitly realizing it, people treat the attentive gaze of others as though it exerts a gentle force pushing on objects. Here we specify another aspect of that implicit model of attention. People treat the attentive gaze of an agent as though it were travelling through space, with an implied motion encoded literally enough that it causes a perceptual motion adaptation effect. This implicit model of other people's attention may facilitate the process of keeping track of who is attending to what, which is essential for reading and predicting the minds and behavior of social agents. This implicit model of attention may also have shaped culturally widespread ideas about mind and spirit.
最近的证据表明，人类大脑会自动构建一个关于他人注意力的丰富模型，而不仅仅是对他人的注视方向等低级线索进行记录。这个模型并不是对注意力的物理准确再现，而是似乎包含了简化和不符合物理规律的特征。例如，人们在没有明确意识到的情况下，会将他人专注的目光视为一种轻柔的力，推动着物体。在这里，我们将详细说明这个注意力隐含模型的另一个方面。人们会将一个主体的专注目光视为一种在空间中的运动，这种运动的隐含运动编码足够具体，以至于会引起感知运动适应效应。这种对他人注意力的隐含模型可能有助于人们跟踪谁在关注什么，这对于阅读和预测社交主体的思维和行为至关重要。这种注意力的隐含模型也可能塑造了文化中广泛存在的关于心灵和精神的观念。
