Department of Economics, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria.
Department of Economics, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Jun;27(16):19616-19629. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-08466-0. Epub 2020 Mar 26.
Emerging economies are mostly plague by a massive consumption of non-renewable energy amidst an ever inceasing urbanization rate with little or no attention to the quality of the environmental. As such, this paper investigates the relationship between renewable energy, urbanization, economic growth, trade openness, and ecological footprint in CIVETS countries, namely, Colombia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Egypt, Turkey, and South Africa. The study employs augmented mean group estimator, panel cointegration, and causality tests. The findings reveal that renewable energy improves environmental quality, and trade is not particularly harmful to the environment. However, non-renewable energy consumption and urbanization are the chief contributors to environmental degradation in the CIVETS countries. Economic expansion mitigates environmental deterioration in Colombia, South Africa, and Turkey, but contributes to pollution in Egypt, Indonesia, and Vietnam. Finally, the causality test suggests that urbanization drives environmental degradation. Policy directions are discussed.
新兴经济体在城市化率不断提高的情况下，大量消耗不可再生能源，而对环境质量几乎没有或没有任何关注。因此，本文研究了 CIVETS 国家（哥伦比亚、印度尼西亚、越南、埃及、土耳其和南非）可再生能源、城市化、经济增长、贸易开放度和生态足迹之间的关系。本研究采用了广义均值组估计量、面板协整和因果检验。研究结果表明，可再生能源可以改善环境质量，贸易对环境的危害并不特别大。然而，不可再生能源的消耗和城市化是 CIVETS 国家环境退化的主要原因。经济增长在哥伦比亚、南非和土耳其缓解了环境恶化，但在埃及、印度尼西亚和越南却加剧了污染。最后，因果检验表明城市化是导致环境恶化的原因。讨论了政策方向。
