Food and Environment Program, Union of Concerned Scientists, 1825 K Street, NW, Suite 800, Washington, DC, 20006.
Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, University of Connecticut, 1 Constitution Plaza, Suite 600, Hartford, CT, 06103.
J Sch Health. 2020 Jun;90(6):465-473. doi: 10.1111/josh.12896. Epub 2020 Mar 27.
This study tested the hypothesis that written district wellness policies are associated with higher rates of implementation of nutrition and physical activity practices.
Written wellness policies and building level practices were assessed for schools (N = 295) within high-need districts (N = 70) in New York State. The relationship between policies and practices was measured using multi-level mixed-effects logistic regressions.
Overall, stronger written district policies significantly increase the likelihood of practice implementation in schools. This relationship is strongest for physical education and physical activity items, followed by nutrition standards for competitive foods in middle and high schools. Most elementary schools implemented nutrition practices with or without a policy and there were differences in implementation rates between elementary and middle/high schools. When examined separately, policies were for the most part not significantly associated with implementation of corresponding practices.
Strong and comprehensive written policies are associated with higher rates of practice implementation overall, but the consistency of this relationship varies by policy-practice domain. The newer policy topics areas of school wellness promotion and marketing were less frequently included in written policies. Future research should examine whether districts that strengthen their written policies achieve greater implementation over time.
本研究检验了以下假设，即书面的地区健康政策与营养和身体活动实践的更高实施率相关。
在纽约州高需求地区（N=70）的学校（N=295）中，评估了书面健康政策和楼宇级别的实践情况。使用多级混合效应逻辑回归来衡量政策与实践之间的关系。
总体而言，更强有力的书面地区政策显著增加了学校实践实施的可能性。这种关系在体育教育和体育活动项目中最强，其次是中学和高中的竞争食品营养标准。大多数小学实施了营养实践，无论有无政策，小学和中学/高中之间的实施率存在差异。单独检查时，政策在大多数情况下与相应实践的实施没有显著关联。
强有力且全面的书面政策与整体上更高的实践实施率相关，但这种关系的一致性因政策实践领域而异。学校健康促进和营销等更新的政策主题领域在书面政策中较少提及。未来的研究应探讨随着时间的推移，是否加强书面政策的地区能够实现更大的实施效果。
