黄土高原苹果园土壤特性。

Soil properties of apple orchards on China's Loess Plateau.

机构信息

Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shannxi Province, China; College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shannxi Province, China.

Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shannxi Province, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shannxi Province, China.

出版信息

Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jun 25;723:138041. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138041. Epub 2020 Mar 19.

DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138041

PMID:32220736

Abstract

There are many apple orchards on the Loess Plateau because of their economic value and aggressive expansion is planned. However, little is known about their ecological impact in deep soil water, soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil aggregation. An accurate evaluation of the soil properties of apple orchards is crucial to ensure the establishment of sustainable ecosystems. We, therefore, measured the soil water content variation in deep layers (200-800 cm), SOC content and density (0-800 cm) and, soil aggregate stability (0-40 cm) in apple (Malus pumila) orchards, black locust (Robinia pesudoacacia) and korshinsk peashrub (Caragana korshinskii). We found that (1) there was generally less soil water in deep soil under apple orchards (13.29%), black locust (12.4%) and korshinsk peashrub (13.46%) than under arable land (18.35%) (p < 0.05). This implies that plantations caused intense reductions in soil water compared with arable land, leading to severe soil desiccation. (2) Apple orchards (1.85 to 5.49 g kg) had significantly (p < 0.05) lower SOC density (SOCD) than ecological plantations (2.15 to 8.95 g kg). It suggests that apple orchards have a low value for SOC sequestration because their clean cultivation management increases the risk of SOC loss by soil erosion. (3) soil aggregate stability (mean weight diameter, MWD) in apple orchards (0.26-0.63 mm) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than under black locust (0.63-2.97 mm) and korshinsk peashrub (0.72-2.13 mm) plantations in the 0-40 cm layers, which means that apple orchards have low anti-erodibility. Our results suggest apple orchards and ecological plantations both consumed large amounts of deep soil water, but the ecological benefits (e.g., SOC sequestration, soil and water conservation) delivered by ecological plantations are much higher than those of apple orchards. In the interest of sustainable development in the region, apple cultivation should be undertaken with caution, especially in semiarid regions.

摘要

黄土高原上有许多苹果园，因为它们具有经济价值，所以计划进行大规模的扩张。然而，人们对其在深层土壤水分、土壤有机碳（SOC）和土壤团聚体方面的生态影响知之甚少。准确评估苹果园的土壤性质对于确保建立可持续的生态系统至关重要。因此，我们测量了苹果园（Malus pumila）、刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia）和柠条（Caragana korshinskii）下深层土壤水分变化（200-800 cm）、SOC 含量和密度（0-800 cm）以及土壤团聚体稳定性（0-40 cm）。我们发现：（1）与耕地（18.35%）相比，苹果园（13.29%）、刺槐（12.4%）和柠条（13.46%）下深层土壤水分普遍较少（p < 0.05）。这意味着与耕地相比，种植园导致土壤水分大量减少，导致土壤严重干旱。（2）苹果园（1.85-5.49 g kg）的 SOC 密度（SOCD）明显低于生态种植园（2.15-8.95 g kg）（p < 0.05）。这表明苹果园对 SOC 固存的价值较低，因为其清洁的栽培管理增加了 SOC 因土壤侵蚀而流失的风险。（3）苹果园（0.26-0.63 mm）的土壤团聚体稳定性（平均重量直径，MWD）明显低于刺槐（0.63-2.97 mm）和柠条（0.72-2.13 mm）种植园，这意味着苹果园的抗侵蚀能力较低。我们的结果表明，苹果园和生态种植园都消耗了大量的深层土壤水分，但生态种植园带来的生态效益（如 SOC 固存、水土保持）远高于苹果园。为了该地区的可持续发展，应谨慎开展苹果种植，特别是在半干旱地区。