Department of Pharmacology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pune, India.
Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pune, India.
Curr Diabetes Rev. 2021;17(1):30-36. doi: 10.2174/1573399816666200330145501.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease which leads to the destruction of pancreatic β-cells, thereby causing insufficient insulin production. Globally, around 98, 200 children and adolescents below 15 years of age and almost 128,900 subjects below 20 years of age develop T1DM annually, along with severe complications deteriorating their quality of life. In India alone, around 15,900 incident cases below 15 years have reported annually. Hence, its prevention and reversal are significant. Unlike other chronic diseases, T1DM involves the presence of various autoantigens, which can be targeted by proper immunisation. The development of reliable immuno-regulatory surrogate markers would be of great benefit. Vaccines can be one of such strategies in the journey to prevent T1DM. It would not only benefit greatly to reduce the sufferings caused due to diabetic complications but could also help to reverse T1DM, by modulating the autoantigenic immunological reactions and prevent further degradation of pancreatic β-cells. This review collates a wide range of information related to the vaccine studies conducted in animal and human models to prevent and reverse T1DM.
1 型糖尿病（T1DM）是一种自身免疫性疾病，可导致胰腺β细胞破坏，从而导致胰岛素产生不足。在全球范围内，每年约有 98200 名 15 岁以下儿童和青少年以及近 128900 名 20 岁以下的人患 1 型糖尿病，同时伴有严重的并发症，降低了他们的生活质量。仅在印度，每年就报告约 15900 例 15 岁以下的新发病例。因此，预防和逆转该疾病非常重要。与其他慢性疾病不同，T1DM 涉及多种自身抗原的存在，这些抗原可以通过适当的免疫接种来靶向。开发可靠的免疫调节替代标志物将非常有益。疫苗可能是预防 T1DM 的策略之一。它不仅可以大大减少因糖尿病并发症而导致的痛苦，还可以通过调节自身抗原免疫反应和防止胰腺β细胞进一步退化来帮助逆转 T1DM。本综述收集了广泛的信息，涉及在动物和人类模型中进行的预防和逆转 T1DM 的疫苗研究。
