The effect of experimental varicocele on the apelin and APJ expressions in rat testis tissue.

Varicocele, which is one of the causes of infertility in men, can be defined as the expansion of spermatic cord veins. The presence of apelin and apelin receptor (APJ) in many tissues and the effects of apelin have been reported in several studies. There is no study showing apelin and APJ protein expressions in normal and varicocele-induced testicular tissues. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate varicocele-induced changes in apelin and APJ expressions in testicular tissue by immunohistochemical and western blotting techniques. In our study, Wistar male rats were randomly divided into three groups as control, varicocele, and sham. While the control group rats were not subjected to any treatment, the unilateral varicocele model was created under anesthesia in the varicocele group. In the sham group, the left abdominal region was opened and closed to exclude the effect of the surgical procedure. At the 13th postoperative week, the left testes were obtained under anesthesia in all groups, and the immunohistochemistry and Western blotting techniques were used to detect apelin and APJ expressions. In our study; apelin and APJ were significantly expressed in control group's testicular tissue; apelin in testicular tissues of varicocele groups increased compared to the control group, whereas APJ expression decreased. In conclusion, the presence of apelin/APJ system in normal testis and the increased expression of apelin in varicocele-induced testicular tissue suggested that apelin may have a role in the varicocele etiopathogenesis.