Gioia Ciro, Sermi Francesco, Tarchi Dario
Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, Via E. Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, Italy.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Mar 26;20(7):1842. doi: 10.3390/s20071842.
In the last few years, the number of applications relying on position of vessels at sea has grown significantly. Usually, these applications exploit information provided by the Automatic Identification System (AIS). Unfortunately, the cooperative nature of AIS makes it vulnerable to different types of attack. Therefore, especially for critical applications, the veracity of the position information reported in the AIS message needs to be verified. Several techniques can be adopted to this end. This paper presents a mathematical extension of the traditional Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA) localisation technique allowing merging TDOA measurement from synchronous and non-synchronous receivers. This technique was tested in a simulated scenario, where the position of a moving target was estimated using different configurations of the receivers network. The robustness of the proposed algorithm with respect to the traditional one is demonstrated. The proposed approach, which is derived form satellite applications, is not limited to the AIS signals or to the maritime domain, and it can be adopted to estimate the position of any radiofrequency transmitter, by employing a suitable number of non-synchronous receivers.
在过去几年中，依赖海上船只位置的应用数量显著增长。通常，这些应用利用自动识别系统（AIS）提供的信息。不幸的是，AIS的协作性质使其容易受到不同类型的攻击。因此，特别是对于关键应用，需要验证AIS消息中报告的位置信息的准确性。为此可以采用多种技术。本文提出了传统到达时间差（TDOA）定位技术的数学扩展，允许合并来自同步和非同步接收器的TDOA测量。该技术在模拟场景中进行了测试，其中使用接收器网络的不同配置估计移动目标的位置。证明了所提出算法相对于传统算法的鲁棒性。所提出的方法源自卫星应用，不限于AIS信号或海事领域，并且通过使用适当数量的非同步接收器，可以用于估计任何射频发射器的位置。
