Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa.
Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria.
Molecules. 2020 Mar 26;25(7):1516. doi: 10.3390/molecules25071516.
Poisoning is the greatest source of avoidable death in the world and can result from industrial exhausts, incessant bush burning, drug overdose, accidental toxication or snake envenomation. Since the advent of Albert Calmette's cobra venom antidote, efforts have been geared towards antidotes development for various poisons to date. While there are resources and facilities to tackle poisoning in urban areas, rural areas and developing countries are challenged with poisoning management due to either the absence of or inadequate facilities and this has paved the way for phyto-antidotes, some of which have been scientifically validated. This review presents the scope of antidotes' effectiveness in different experimental models and biotechnological advancements in antidote research for future applications. While pockets of evidence of the effectiveness of antidotes exist and with ample biotechnological developments, the utilization of analytic assays on existing and newly developed antidotes that have surpassed the proof of concept stage, as well as the inclusion of antidote's short and long-term risk assessment report, will help in providing the required scientific evidence(s) prior to regulatory authorities' approval.
中毒是世界上可避免死亡的最大原因，可能由工业废气、持续的丛林火灾、药物过量、意外中毒或蛇咬伤引起。自阿尔伯特·卡尔梅特的眼镜蛇毒液解毒剂问世以来，人们一直致力于开发各种毒物的解毒剂。虽然城市地区有资源和设施来应对中毒，但农村地区和发展中国家在中毒管理方面面临挑战，要么缺乏设施，要么设施不足，这为植物解毒剂铺平了道路，其中一些已经过科学验证。本文综述了不同实验模型中解毒剂的有效性范围，以及解毒剂研究的生物技术进展，为未来的应用提供了依据。虽然解毒剂的有效性存在一些证据，并且生物技术也有了很大的发展，但对现有和新开发的解毒剂进行分析检测，以及包括解毒剂的短期和长期风险评估报告，将有助于在监管机构批准之前提供所需的科学证据。
