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本文引用的文献

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Reversal of experimental paralysis in a human by intranasal neostigmine aerosol suggests a novel approach to the early treatment of neurotoxic envenomation.鼻内给予新斯的明气雾剂可逆转人体实验性麻痹，这提示了一种早期治疗神经毒性中毒的新方法。
Clin Case Rep. 2013 Oct;1(1):7-15. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.3. Epub 2013 Jul 24.
2
Eastern coral snake Micrurus fulvius venom toxicity in mice is mainly determined by neurotoxic phospholipases A2.东部珊瑚蛇（Micrurus fulvius）毒液对小鼠的毒性主要由神经毒性磷脂酶A2决定。
J Proteomics. 2014 Jun 13;105:295-306. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.02.027. Epub 2014 Mar 5.
3
National estimates of noncanine bite and sting injuries treated in US Hospital Emergency Departments, 2001-2010.2001 - 2010年美国医院急诊科治疗的非犬类咬伤和蜇伤的全国估计数。
Wilderness Environ Med. 2014 Mar;25(1):14-23. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2013.08.007. Epub 2014 Jan 13.
4
Linking the transcriptome and proteome to characterize the venom of the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus).将转录组和蛋白质组联系起来以表征东部菱斑响尾蛇（Crotalus adamanteus）的毒液。
J Proteomics. 2014 Jan 16;96:145-58. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.001. Epub 2013 Nov 12.
5
Biochemical characterization of the venom of the coral snake Micrurus tener and comparative biological activities in the mouse and a reptile model.珊瑚蛇Micrurus tener毒液的生化特性及其在小鼠和爬行动物模型中的比较生物学活性
Toxicon. 2014 Jan;77:6-15. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.10.005. Epub 2013 Oct 23.
6
The genesis of an exceptionally lethal venom in the timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) revealed through comparative venom-gland transcriptomics.通过比较毒液腺转录组学揭示了美洲响尾蛇（Crotalus horridus）中一种异常致命毒液的起源。
BMC Genomics. 2013 Jun 12;14:394. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-394.
7
Snake venomics: from the inventory of toxins to biology.蛇毒学：从毒素清单到生物学。
Toxicon. 2013 Dec 1;75:44-62. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.03.020. Epub 2013 Apr 9.
8
Venom variability and envenoming severity outcomes of the Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus (Mojave rattlesnake) from Southern Arizona.来自亚利桑那州南部的 Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus（莫哈韦响尾蛇）的毒液变异性和中毒严重程度结果。
J Proteomics. 2012 May 17;75(9):2576-87. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.02.035. Epub 2012 Mar 15.
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Snake venomics of Crotalus tigris: the minimalist toxin arsenal of the deadliest Nearctic rattlesnake venom. Evolutionary Clues for generating a pan-specific antivenom against crotalid type II venoms [corrected].响尾蛇毒的研究：致命的北美响尾蛇毒液的最小毒素库。产生针对眼镜蛇科 II 型毒液的通用抗蛇毒血清的进化线索[更正]。
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Venomic analysis and evaluation of antivenom cross-reactivity of South American Micrurus species.南美矛头蝮属蛇毒的分析与抗蛇毒血清交叉反应评估。
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美洲的神经毒性蛇类。

Neurotoxic snakes of the Americas.

作者信息

Rolan Terry D

机构信息

Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO.

出版信息

Neurol Clin Pract. 2015 Oct;5(5):383-388. doi: 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000180.

DOI:10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000180
PMID:29443174
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5762023/
Abstract

Snake envenomation is a global problem and often a matter of life or death. Emergency treatment is not always readily available or effective. There are numerous neurotoxic snakes in the Americas, chiefly elapids; some crotalids have also evolved neurotoxic venom. The variability of neurotoxins found in snake venom within the same species makes development and choice of proper antivenom a major challenge that has not been completely addressed. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical effects, and current treatment of neurotoxic snake envenomation in the Americas.

摘要

蛇咬伤中毒是一个全球性问题，常常关乎生死。紧急治疗并非总能轻易获得或有效。美洲有众多神经毒性蛇类，主要是眼镜蛇科；一些蝰蛇科蛇类也进化出了神经毒性毒液。同一物种蛇毒中发现的神经毒素具有变异性，这使得开发和选择合适的抗蛇毒血清成为一个尚未完全解决的重大挑战。本文综述了美洲神经毒性蛇咬伤中毒的流行病学、临床效应及当前治疗方法。