Department of Toxicology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
Institute of Toxicology, Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, China.
Drug Chem Toxicol. 2022 Jan;45(1):340-346. doi: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1745226. Epub 2020 Mar 31.
Xylan is the second most abundant polysaccharide group in plants and has a wide variety of food and pharmaceutical applications. However, little information on the safety assessment of extracted xylan as dietary supplement is available. As part of a comprehensive toxicological assessment, this study examined the potential toxicity of xylan extracted from sugarcane bagasse by three genotoxicity studies (Ames test, mice bone marrow micronucleus test, and mice sperm abnormality test) and a teratogenicity study in rats. In the Ames test, xylan showed no mutagenic activity on histidine dependent strains of at concentrations up to 5000 μg/plate; results of the mice bone marrow micronucleus test and mice sperm abnormality test indicated no significant effect on sperm morphology and micronucleus rate of polychromatic erythrocytes in mice at doses up to 5 g/kg body weight. In the teratogenicity study, a total of 60 pregnant rats were exposed to 10, 5, and 2.5% xylan in diet, from gestation days 7 to 16, and the no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAEL) of xylan was determined to be 9.8 g/kg body weight. The safe dose of xylan for human was estimated to be 98 mg/kg/day (i.e., 6.86 g/day for a 70-kg person), using a 100-fold safety factor. Taken together, results of this study indicated that xylan is practically nontoxic in terms of potential dietary consumption by humans in food or as a dietary supplement.
木聚糖是植物中第二丰富的多聚糖组，具有广泛的食品和医药应用。然而，关于作为膳食补充剂提取的木聚糖的安全性评估的信息很少。作为全面毒理学评估的一部分，本研究通过三项遗传毒性研究（Ames 试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验）和一项大鼠致畸试验，研究了从甘蔗渣中提取的木聚糖的潜在毒性。在 Ames 试验中，木聚糖在高达 5000μg/平板的浓度下对组氨酸依赖的菌株没有表现出致突变活性；小鼠骨髓微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验的结果表明，在高达 5g/kg 体重的剂量下，对精子形态和多染红细胞的微核率没有显著影响。在致畸试验中，60 只怀孕大鼠从妊娠第 7 天到第 16 天暴露于 10%、5%和 2.5%的木聚糖饮食中，木聚糖的无明显不良效应水平（NOAEL）确定为 9.8g/kg 体重。使用 100 倍的安全系数，估计木聚糖对人类的安全剂量为 98mg/kg/天（即 70 公斤的人每天 6.86g）。综上所述，本研究结果表明，木聚糖在人类作为食品或膳食补充剂潜在的日常食用剂量下，实际上是无毒的。
