Haselager Pim, Mecacci Giulio
Radboud University Nijmegen.
AJOB Neurosci. 2020 Apr-Jun;11(2):113-119. doi: 10.1080/21507740.2020.1740353.
The human species is combining an increased understanding of our cognitive machinery with the development of a technology that can profoundly influence our lives and our ways of living together. Our sciences enable us to see our strengths and weaknesses, and build technology accordingly. What would future historians think of our current attempts to build increasingly smart systems, the purposes for which we employ them, the almost unstoppable goldrush toward ever more commercially relevant implementations, and the risk of superintelligence? We need a more profound reflection on what our science shows us about ourselves, what our technology allows us to do with that, and what, apparently, we aim to do with those insights and applications. As the smartest species on the planet, we don't need more intelligence. Since we appear to possess an underdeveloped capacity to act ethically and empathically, we rather require the kind of technology that enables us to act more consistently upon ethical principles. The problem is not to formulate ethical rules, it's to put them into practice. Cognitive neuroscience and AI provide the knowledge and the tools to develop the moral crutches we so clearly require. Why aren't we building them? We don't need superintelligence, we need superethics.
人类正在将对自身认知机制的深入理解与一项能够深刻影响我们的生活及共同生活方式的技术发展相结合。我们的科学使我们能够看清自身的优势与劣势，并据此构建技术。未来的历史学家会如何看待我们当前构建日益智能的系统的尝试、我们使用这些系统的目的、朝着更具商业相关性的应用近乎不可阻挡的淘金热，以及超级智能的风险呢？我们需要更深刻地反思我们的科学向我们揭示的关于自身的内容、我们的技术使我们能够利用这些内容做些什么，以及显然我们打算利用这些见解和应用做什么。作为地球上最聪明的物种，我们并不需要更多的智能。由于我们似乎在道德和同理心方面的行为能力发展不足，我们更需要那种能让我们依据道德原则更一致地行动的技术。问题不在于制定道德规则，而在于将其付诸实践。认知神经科学和人工智能提供了知识和工具，以开发我们显然迫切需要的道德支撑。我们为什么不构建它们呢？我们不需要超级智能，我们需要超级道德。
