Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, UTP - University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis snc, 86100Campobasso, Italy.
Animal. 2020 Sep;14(9):1969-1975. doi: 10.1017/S1751731120000610. Epub 2020 Mar 31.
The protein sources in feed have a huge impact on good-quality and -quantity meat traits. Yellow lupin (YL) seeds have a similar level of protein as soybean meal (SBM). The most popular is SBM that is genetically modified (GMO). During this age, the consumer market requires non-GMO products. Yellow lupin used as a high-protein substitute for SBM in feed has an effect on the quality of meat from broiler ducks. The aim of the study was to analyse and compare meat quality traits in breast and leg muscles as well as fatty acid (FA) composition in breast muscles from ducks fed mixtures containing YL as an alternative to SBM. Two hundred 1-day-old Cherry Valley ducks were kept in pens on litter in two equal dietary groups, four replications with 25 birds per group. The control group (1) received balanced feed containing SBM. The treatment group (2) received balanced feed containing YL. The feed provided to both groups contained 55% of concentrate and 45% of wheat. Birds received feed and water ad libitum and were reared for 8 weeks. After that, 16 ducks (eight from each group) of BW close to the mean for the whole group were slaughtered. Plucked and gutted carcasses were analysed in a laboratory for quality parameters. Meat was analysed for pH, colour, water-holding capacity and drip loss. Samples of breast muscles were analysed for the content of cholesterol, collagen, intramuscular fat and FA composition. The proposed feed mixture containing YL had no impact on meat traits, content of muscles or fat in duck carcasses (P > 0.05). The values of lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) and collagen content in breast muscles were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in group 2 (YL). A lower ability to retain water, that is, higher water-holding capacity (percentage of water lost from meat) (P < 0.05), was found for leg muscles from group 2 (YL). The content of C16:0, C18:0, C20:4 n-6, C22:4 n-6, C22:5 n-3, total content of saturated fatty acids (SFA), values of atherogenic index and thrombogenic index were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in group 2 (YL) than in group 1 (SBM). The content of C18:2 n-6 and the polyunsaturated fatty acids-to-SFA ratio (P/S) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in ducks fed the diet with the inclusion of YL. Diets with YL could be proposed as a partial substitute for SBM in duck-rearing.
饲料中的蛋白质来源对优质和数量的肉类特性有巨大影响。黄羽扇豆（YL）种子的蛋白质含量与大豆粉（SBM）相似。最受欢迎的是经过基因改造（GMO）的 SBM。在这个时代，消费者市场需要非转基因产品。黄羽扇豆作为 SBM 在饲料中的高蛋白替代品，对肉鸭的肉质有影响。本研究的目的是分析和比较用 YL 替代 SBM 喂养的肉鸭胸肌和腿肌的肉质特性以及胸肌中的脂肪酸（FA）组成。200 只 1 日龄樱桃谷鸭在两个相等的饮食组中，每组 4 个重复，每个重复 25 只，在垫料上的笼子里饲养。对照组（1）接受含有 SBM 的平衡饲料。处理组（2）接受含有 YL 的平衡饲料。两组饲料均含有 55%浓缩料和 45%小麦。鸡群自由采食饲料和水，并饲养 8 周。之后，从每组中选择 16 只体重接近整个组平均值的鸭子（每组 8 只）进行屠宰。宰杀后，在实验室中对去毛和去内脏的胴体进行分析，以确定质量参数。对肉进行 pH 值、颜色、持水性和滴水损失分析。采集胸肌样本，分析胆固醇、胶原蛋白、肌内脂肪和 FA 组成。含有 YL 的建议饲料混合物对鸭肉特性、鸭胴体肌肉或脂肪含量没有影响（P > 0.05）。2 组（YL）的胸肌 L值和 b值以及胶原蛋白含量明显更高（P < 0.05）。2 组（YL）腿肌的保水性较低，即水分损失百分比（水从肉中损失的百分比）较高（P < 0.05）。2 组（YL）的 C16:0、C18:0、C20:4 n-6、C22:4 n-6、C22:5 n-3、饱和脂肪酸（SFA）总含量、致动脉粥样硬化指数和血栓形成指数均显著低于 1 组（SBM）（P < 0.05）。2 组（YL）的 C18:2 n-6 和多不饱和脂肪酸与 SFA 的比值（P/S）均显著高于 1 组（SBM）（P < 0.05）。含 YL 的饮食可以作为养鸭中 SBM 的部分替代品。
