Department of Animal, Plant, and Environmental Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
Poult Sci. 2011 Jul;90(7):1620-6. doi: 10.3382/ps.2010-01190.
To study growth performance and meat quality traits (cholesterol content and intramuscular collagen properties) of quail, 3 trials were carried out. Trial 1 used males of generation 19 of the egg type Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) selected previously (until generation 17) for low (n = 8) or high (n = 7) yolk cholesterol content as well as an unselected control (n = 11). Trial 2 used males of meat Pharaoh quail selected earlier (generations 1 to 6 and 9 to 11) on the basis of BW decrease after periodic deprivation of food (high decrease of weight, n = 10; low decrease of weight, n = 8) and unselected control (n = 10). Trial 3 compared males of English White quail, Manchurian Golden quail, and British Range quail. The birds were raised to 35 d of age. Quail were fed ad libitum commercial diets according to age and had free access to water. At slaughter, all birds were individually weighed (after a fasting period of 12 h), stunned, and decapitated. After the refrigeration period (24 h at 4°C), the left pectoralis superficialis muscle was removed from the carcasses, weighed, vacuum packaged, and stored frozen (-40°C) for analyses of cholesterol and intramuscular collagen (IMC; collagen and crosslink concentration). In trial 1, divergent selection for yolk cholesterol content did not significantly influence pectoralis superficialis muscle weight and IMC crosslinking of Japanese quail, whereas it significantly reduced growth and IMC amount. In addition, it had greater effect on the amount of cholesterol in meat; in fact, the meat of quail with low yolk cholesterol content contained lower cholesterol (-36.6%) than that of birds with high yolk cholesterol content. In trial 2, divergent selection on the basis of Pharaoh quail BW decrease altered IMC crosslinking, leading to variability in meat tenderness of Pharaoh quail. In trial 3, English White quail were significantly heavier than the other breeds.
为了研究鹌鹑的生长性能和肉质特性（胆固醇含量和肌肉内胶原蛋白特性），进行了三项试验。试验 1 使用了先前（直到第 17 代）为蛋黄胆固醇含量低（n = 8）或高（n = 7）以及未选择的对照组（n = 11）而选择的第 19 代蛋用型日本鹌鹑（ Coturnix japonica ）雄性鹌鹑。试验 2 使用了早期选择的肉用法老鹌鹑雄性（第 1 代至第 6 代和第 9 代至第 11 代），依据周期性禁食后 BW 下降（体重下降高，n = 10；体重下降低，n = 8）和未选择的对照组（n = 10）。试验 3 比较了英国白鹌鹑、满洲金鹌鹑和英国范围鹌鹑的雄性鹌鹑。这些鸟类在 35 日龄时被饲养。根据年龄，鹌鹑自由进食商业饮食，并且可以自由饮水。屠宰时，所有鸟类在禁食 12 小时后单独称重，然后进行击晕和斩首。在冷藏期（4°C 下 24 小时）后，从胴体中取出左侧胸大肌，称重，真空包装，并在-40°C 下冷冻保存，用于分析胆固醇和肌肉内胶原蛋白（IMC；胶原蛋白和交联浓度）。在试验 1 中，蛋黄胆固醇含量的分歧选择并未显著影响日本鹌鹑胸大肌的重量和 IMC 交联，而显著降低了生长和 IMC 量。此外，它对肉中的胆固醇含量有更大的影响；实际上，蛋黄胆固醇含量低的鹌鹑肉中胆固醇含量（-36.6％）低于蛋黄胆固醇含量高的鸟类。在试验 2 中，根据法老王鹌鹑 BW 下降的分歧选择改变了 IMC 交联，导致法老王鹌鹑的肉质嫩度发生变化。在试验 3 中，英国白鹌鹑比其他品种明显更重。
