北马其顿成年人的能量、常量营养素和膳食纤维摄入量。

Energy, macronutrients and dietary fibre intake among adults in North Macedonia.

作者信息

Spiroski Igor, Nikolić Marina, Kochubovski Mihail, Gurinović Mirjana, Ristovska Gordana, Kadvan Agnes

机构信息

Institute of Public Health, Skopje, North Macedonia.

Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia.

出版信息

Cent Eur J Public Health. 2020 Mar;28(1):24-32. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a5345.

DOI:10.21101/cejph.a5345

PMID:32228813

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

The present research aimed to estimate macronutrients intake among adults in North Macedonia and to identify their predominant food sources.

METHODS

Within this cross-sectional study dietary data were collected using repeated 24h recall interviews. Nationwide, adults aged 18+ were recruited. Dietary data, anthropometric measures and socio-demographic characteristics were available for 496 participants. Nutrient intake was analyzed using the Balkan Food Composition Database and Diet Assess and Plan platform. Macedonian dietary guidelines were used for estimation of inadequacy.

RESULTS

Significant differences in macronutrients intake are noticed between age groups within certain socio-demographic factors. Total sugar intake was significantly higher among young adult females comparing with those older than 25 years (p = 0.049). Young urban females have significantly higher fats intake than older participants (p = 0.038). Higher total daily energy, proteins, fats and carbohydrates intake (p = 0.033, p = 0.043, p = 0.032, p = 0.042, respectively) was noticed among young urban males when compared to older ones. Only dietary fibre intake was higher among older urban males (p = 0.030). Univariate linear regression models showed that obese participants had significantly higher relative proteins intake comparing with those having BMI within recommended range (p = 0.024, β = 1.21). Relative carbohydrates intake was significantly lower among males (p = 0.018, β = -2.077) and among highly educated participants (p = 0.018, β = -4.304). Participants with tertiary education had higher relative fats intake (p = 0.012, β = 4.213).

CONCLUSION

Macronutrients intake of adults should be improved. There is higher intake of dietary fats and need for an increase of complex carbohydrates intake, particularly dietary fibre. Findings of this survey should be used in shaping, fine-tuning and implementing food and nutrition policies that will stimulate healthier diets for prevention of diet related non-communicable diseases.

摘要

目的

本研究旨在评估北马其顿成年人的常量营养素摄入量，并确定其主要食物来源。

方法

在这项横断面研究中，通过重复的24小时回忆访谈收集饮食数据。在全国范围内招募了18岁及以上的成年人。496名参与者提供了饮食数据、人体测量指标和社会人口学特征。使用巴尔干食物成分数据库和饮食评估与规划平台分析营养素摄入量。采用马其顿饮食指南评估摄入量不足情况。

结果

在某些社会人口学因素中，不同年龄组的常量营养素摄入量存在显著差异。年轻成年女性的总糖摄入量显著高于25岁以上女性（p = 0.049）。年轻城市女性的脂肪摄入量显著高于年长参与者（p = 0.038）。与年长男性相比，年轻城市男性的每日总能量、蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物摄入量更高（分别为p = 0.033、p = 0.043、p = 0.032、p = 0.042）。只有年长城市男性的膳食纤维摄入量较高（p = 0.030）。单变量线性回归模型显示，肥胖参与者的相对蛋白质摄入量显著高于BMI在推荐范围内的参与者（p = 0.024，β = 1.21）。男性（p = 0.018，β = -2.077）和高学历参与者（p = 0.018，β = -4.304）的相对碳水化合物摄入量显著较低。受过高等教育的参与者相对脂肪摄入量较高（p = 0.012，β = 4.213）。