van Rossum C T, van de Mheen H, Witteman J C, Grobbee E, Mackenbach J P
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Rotterdam Medical School, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000 Feb;54(2):159-65. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600914.
Unfavourable dietary habits might explain a part of the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among the lower socioeconomic groups. The aim of the study was to describe differences in dietary intake in older subjects by socioeconomic status, as indicated by educational level.
A cross-sectional analysis of socioeconomic status in relation to dietary intake.
The Rotterdam Study.
2213 men and 3193 women, aged 55 y and over living between 1990 and 1993 in a district of Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Dietary data were assessed with a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, containing 170 food items in 13 food groups.
In general, the dietary differences between socioeconomic groups were small. Lower educated subjects had a higher intake of almost all macronutrients compared with higher educated subjects. The total energy intake of men/women with the lowest educational level differed from those with the highest education in the following respect: 9.60/7.54 vs 8.94/7.17 MJ/day. Furthermore, fat composition was more adverse in the lower educated strata; in lower educated subjects, relatively more energy was derived from saturated fat (14.5/14.6 vs 13.8/13.8 energy%), the ratio of polyunsaturated saturated fat was lower (for men: 0.50 vs 0. 55) and the intake of cholesterol higher (271/220 vs 240/204 mg/day). These differences could be explained by a higher intake of visible fat (46/37 vs 44/34 g/day) and more meat consumption (130/100 vs 116/86 g/day). In addition, the composition of these products differed: the higher educated used relatively more lean meat and low-fat milk products. Furthermore, the intake of fibre was lower among the lower educated (1.88/2.17 vs 2.03/2.29 g/MJ). Among lower educated groups there were more abstainers (15.5/31.5 vs 12.3/26.9%) and the type of alcoholic beverages also differed between the groups. Intake of antioxidant vitamins from food alone did not differ between educational groups.
In Dutch elderly people, there are socioeconomic differences in dietary intake. Although these differences are small, these findings support the role of diet in the explanation of socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular health.
Erasmus Centre for Research on Aging, Erasmus University Rotterdam. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2000) 54, 159-165
不良饮食习惯可能是社会经济地位较低群体心血管疾病发病率和死亡率上升的部分原因。本研究旨在按教育水平所显示的社会经济地位描述老年受试者的饮食摄入差异。
社会经济地位与饮食摄入的横断面分析。
鹿特丹研究。
1990年至1993年间居住在荷兰鹿特丹某区的2213名男性和3193名女性，年龄在55岁及以上。
采用半定量食物频率问卷评估饮食数据，该问卷包含13个食物组中的170种食物。
总体而言，社会经济群体之间的饮食差异较小。与受教育程度较高的受试者相比，受教育程度较低的受试者几乎所有宏量营养素的摄入量都更高。教育水平最低的男性/女性的总能量摄入量与教育水平最高的男性/女性在以下方面存在差异：9.60/7.54与8.94/7.17兆焦/天。此外，受教育程度较低阶层的脂肪组成更不利；在受教育程度较低的受试者中，相对更多的能量来自饱和脂肪（14.5/14.6与13.8/13.8能量%），多不饱和脂肪与饱和脂肪的比例较低（男性：0.50与0.55），胆固醇摄入量较高（271/220与240/204毫克/天）。这些差异可以通过可见脂肪摄入量较高（46/37与44/34克/天）和肉类消费量增加（130/100与116/86克/天）来解释。此外，这些产品的成分也有所不同：受教育程度较高者相对更多地食用瘦肉和低脂奶制品。此外，受教育程度较低者的纤维摄入量较低（1.88/2.17与2.03/2.29克/兆焦）。在受教育程度较低的群体中，戒酒者更多（15.5/31.5与12.3/26.9%），且不同群体之间饮用的酒精饮料类型也有所不同。仅从食物中摄入的抗氧化维生素在不同教育群体之间没有差异。
在荷兰老年人中，饮食摄入存在社会经济差异。尽管这些差异较小，但这些发现支持饮食在解释心血管健康方面的社会经济不平等中的作用。
鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学衰老研究伊拉斯姆斯中心。《欧洲临床营养学杂志》（2000年）54卷，第159 - 165页
