Hudcovská Jana, Schwanhaeuser Kräuff
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 2020 Mar;28(1):79-81. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a6053.
Our study focused on the impacts on health among adolescents who became members of illegal armed groups in Colombia and their attention within the specialized government programme as seen by the professionals who work directly with them. Previous research indicates that those victims of armed violence are usually highly affected on their emotional and social health, but with appropriate and timely support more serious mental health problems can be prevented. Therefore, the care provided to them should be based on broader and holistic approaches.
This cross-sectional study used the qualitative method based on semi-structured interviews with 42 professionals, and internal reports on the health condition of 165 adolescents, 57 (34.5%) females and 108 (65.5%) males, as a secondary source of information. All information was anonymous and confidential.
The interviews with professionals and their reports demonstrated that about a half of the 165 adolescents, 35 of 57 (61.4%) females and 48 of 108 (44.4%) males, suffered from serious symptoms requiring therapeutic and psychiatric attention. About 20% of the adolescents presented clinically important post-traumatic stress symptoms, 27% admitted sexual abuse and 29% psychoactive substance abuse. The professionals stressed various obstacles to the attention of these multiple impacts related both to the administrative and institutional issues and the particular characteristics of this population.
Our findings show the complexity of the psychosocial impacts among adolescent victims of the Colombian armed conflict and their attention. Highly trained professionals and alternative strategies including active listening, observation and art therapy activities seem to be vital for an effective care. The lessons learned from the Colombian reintegration programme serve as important inputs to be considered when attending children and adolescents from conflict-stricken areas also in other contexts.
我们的研究聚焦于哥伦比亚非法武装组织成员青少年的健康影响，以及直接与他们打交道的专业人员所看到的他们在政府专门项目中的受关注情况。先前的研究表明，武装暴力受害者通常在情感和社会健康方面受到极大影响，但通过适当及时的支持，可以预防更严重的心理健康问题。因此，为他们提供的护理应基于更广泛和全面的方法。
这项横断面研究采用定性方法，基于对42名专业人员的半结构化访谈，并将165名青少年（57名（34.5%）女性和108名（65.5%）男性）的健康状况内部报告作为次要信息来源。所有信息均匿名且保密。
对专业人员的访谈及其报告表明，165名青少年中约有一半，57名女性中的35名（61.4%）和108名男性中的48名（44.4%）患有需要治疗和精神科关注的严重症状。约20%的青少年表现出具有临床重要性的创伤后应激症状，27%承认遭受性虐待，29%存在精神活性物质滥用问题。专业人员强调了在关注这些多重影响方面存在的各种障碍，这些障碍既与行政和机构问题有关，也与这一人群的特殊特征有关。
我们的研究结果表明了哥伦比亚武装冲突青少年受害者心理社会影响及其受关注情况的复杂性。训练有素的专业人员以及包括积极倾听、观察和艺术治疗活动在内的替代策略，对于有效护理似乎至关重要。从哥伦比亚重返社会项目中吸取的经验教训，在照顾其他背景下受冲突影响地区的儿童和青少年时，也是需要考虑的重要因素。
