MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jun 25;723:138099. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138099. Epub 2020 Mar 21.
The high emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose a serious threat to the lake ecosystem and human health, and the human health risk assessment of PAH exposure is expected as an urgent project in China. This paper focused on 44 Chinese lakes in 6 lake zones to investigate the occurrence, composition and source of 19 PAHs in water body and estimate the human health risk under PAH exposure. The "List of PAH Priority Lakes" in China was generated based on the combination of incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model and Monte Carlo simulation. Our results showed that the Σ PAHs ranged from 3.75 ng·L to 368.68 ng·L with a median of 55.88 ng·L. Low-ring PAHs were the predominant compounds. PAH profiles varied significantly at lake zone level. Diagnostic ratios showed that PAHs might derive from petroleum and coal or biomass combustion. Benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent toxic concentrations (BaPeq) of the Σ PAHs ranged from 0.07 ng·L to 2.26 ng·L (0.62 ± 0.52 ng·L, mean ± standard deviation) with a median of 0.47 ng·L. Benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and benzo[e]pyrene (BeP) were the main toxic isomers. Juvenile exposure to PAHs via oral ingestion (drinking) and dermal contact (showering) had negligible and potential health risks, respectively. Juveniles were the sensitive population for PAH exposure. 15 lakes were screened into the "List of PAH Priority Lakes" in three priority levels: first priority (Level A), moderate priority (Level B) and general priority (Level C). Lake Taihu, Lake Chaohu and Lake Hongze were the extreme priority lakes. Optimizing the economic structures and reducing the combustion emissions in these areas should be implemented to reduce the population under potential health risk of PAHs.
多环芳烃 (PAHs) 的大量排放对湖泊生态系统和人类健康构成了严重威胁，对 PAH 暴露的人体健康风险评估预计将成为中国的一个紧急项目。本研究聚焦于中国 6 个湖区的 44 个湖泊，调查水体中 19 种 PAHs 的存在、组成和来源，并评估 PAH 暴露下的人体健康风险。基于增量终生致癌风险 (ILCR) 模型和蒙特卡罗模拟的组合，生成了中国“优先 PAH 湖泊清单”。结果表明，Σ PAHs 的浓度范围为 3.75ng·L-368.68ng·L-1，中位数为 55.88ng·L-1。低环 PAHs 是主要的化合物。在湖区水平上，PAH 分布特征差异显著。比值诊断表明，PAHs 可能来自石油、煤炭或生物质燃烧。Σ PAHs 的苯并[a]芘等效毒性浓度 (BaPeq) 范围为 0.07ng·L-1-2.26ng·L-1（0.62±0.52ng·L-1，平均值±标准偏差），中位数为 0.47ng·L-1。苯并[a]蒽 (BaA)、苯并[a]芘 (BaP) 和苯并[e]芘 (BeP) 是主要的毒性异构体。少年通过口服（饮水）和皮肤接触（淋浴）暴露于 PAHs 有可忽略的和潜在的健康风险，分别。少年是 PAH 暴露的敏感人群。15 个湖泊被列入三个优先级别（优先级别 A、B 和 C）的“优先 PAH 湖泊清单”：太湖、巢湖和洪泽湖被列为极优先湖泊。应优化这些地区的经济结构，减少燃烧排放，以降低处于 PAHs 潜在健康风险下的人群。
