Department of Psychological Science, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Vermont, United States.
Curr Pharm Des. 2020;26(20):2316-2326. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666200401083040.
How people become addicted to cigarette smoking and remain addicted despite repeated attempts to quit requires piecing together a rather complex puzzle. The present review contextualizes the role of nicotine and smoking sensory stimulation on maintaining smoking, describes nicotine's effects on feeding behavior and body weight, and explores the impact of smoking outcome expectancies, including the belief that nicotine suppresses appetite and body weight, on the decision to smoke or vape (use of e-cigarettes). The analysis concludes with a review of rat models of human nicotine intake that attempt to isolate the effects of nicotine on appetite and weight gain. Animal research replicates with relative closeness phenomena observed in smokers, but the rat model falls short of replicating the long-term weight gain observed post-smoking cessation.
人们是如何上瘾并尽管多次尝试戒烟仍持续上瘾的，这需要拼凑一个相当复杂的谜题。本综述将尼古丁和吸烟感觉刺激在维持吸烟中的作用置于背景下，描述了尼古丁对摄食行为和体重的影响，并探讨了吸烟结果预期的影响，包括相信尼古丁抑制食欲和体重，对吸烟或吸食电子烟（使用电子烟）的决定的影响。分析的结论是对尝试分离尼古丁对食欲和体重增加影响的人类尼古丁摄入的大鼠模型进行了综述。动物研究复制了吸烟者观察到的现象，但大鼠模型未能复制戒烟后观察到的长期体重增加。
