Heinonen K, Savolainen E, Tuovinen V, Miettinen P, Alanko M
Acta Vet Scand. 1988;29(2):231-8. doi: 10.1186/BF03548375.
The postpartum reproduction functions of 84 Finnish Ayrshire and Friesian cows were studied on an experimental farm. The cows were divided according to type of feed into 2 groups of equal size: a hay-urea group and a silage group. The duration of the study was 3 years. Eighty-four cows were followed during their first postpartum period, 63 during 2 and 57 during 3 consecutive post partum periods. The cows were examined clinically by rectal palpation, and milk samples for progesterone assay were taken 3 times a week between calving and first insemination. External signs of heat were checked 3 times a day by the herdsmen. Intervals from calving to completed uterine and cervical involution, appearance of first palpable follicle, onset of first luteal function and onset of regular ovarian function were recorded. Intervals from calving to the first observed heat and to pregnancy were measured and the rate of successful pregnancies at the first insemination was calculated. Least squares methods were used for evaluation of the effect of individual cow, breed, parity/year and type of feed on postpartum reproductive function. The cows in the herd seemed to have equal reproductive functions which were influenced by the conditions during each year/parity rather than by the breed or type of feed. Individual cow effect was significant for the rapidity of uterine involution. Breed had no significant effect on any of the parameters studied. The effect of type of feed alone was not significant for any parameter, but when studying the intervals from calving to uterine involution and initiation of luteal function differences between the feed groups were noted within parity/year. The percentage of cows showing heat before the first dioestrus (luteal phase) increased with parity/year, and the first dioestrus was shorter than the second. The percentage of cows showing postoestrous bleeding increased with number of oestrous cycles post partum.
在一个实验农场对84头芬兰艾尔夏牛和弗里生牛的产后繁殖功能进行了研究。根据饲料类型将奶牛分为大小相等的两组：干草-尿素组和青贮饲料组。研究持续了3年。在84头奶牛的第一个产后时期进行跟踪，63头奶牛在两个连续产后时期进行跟踪，57头奶牛在三个连续产后时期进行跟踪。通过直肠触诊对奶牛进行临床检查，并在产犊至首次输精期间每周采集3次牛奶样本用于孕酮测定。牧民每天检查3次发情的外部迹象。记录从产犊到子宫和宫颈完全复旧、首次可触及卵泡出现、首次黄体功能开始和正常卵巢功能开始的间隔时间。测量从产犊到首次观察到发情和怀孕的间隔时间，并计算首次输精时的成功怀孕率。采用最小二乘法评估个体奶牛、品种、胎次/年份和饲料类型对产后繁殖功能的影响。牛群中的奶牛似乎具有相等的繁殖功能，其受每年/胎次的条件影响，而非品种或饲料类型。个体奶牛效应对于子宫复旧的速度具有显著影响。品种对所研究的任何参数均无显著影响。仅饲料类型对任何参数的影响均不显著，但在研究从产犊到子宫复旧和黄体功能开始的间隔时间时，在胎次/年份内注意到饲料组之间的差异。在第一个间情期（黄体期）之前出现发情的奶牛百分比随胎次/年份增加，且第一个间情期比第二个间情期短。产后发情周期数增加，出现发情后出血的奶牛百分比也增加。
