Wu Meng-Hua, Shi Shang-Mei, Cao Hui
Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan( Southern China) ,College of Pharmacy,Jinan University Guangzhou 510632,China.
Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission Beijing 100061,China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2019 Dec;44(24):5508-5512. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20191104.103.
Forsythiae Fructus( Lianqiao) is classed from near-mature fruit and hyper-mature fruit,which are named as Qingqiao and Laoqiao,respectively. This article was based on the different views of which was better,Qingqiao or Laoqiao. Acorrding to the naming,varieties,habitat,harvesting and processing,used parts,medicinal properties and clinical efficacy,the herbalogical study was carried out. The results showed that Lianqiao had been sourced from the areial part of Hypericum ascyron and H. erectum of Clusiaceae before Tang Dynasty. Beside the former,and the fruit of Forsythia suspensa of Oleaceae was newly used as Lianqiao during the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty. The later had been the only origin of Lianqiao since the Song Dynasty. With the change of the medicinal varieties,the habitats of Lianqiao has also changed. The varieties of Clusiaceae were mainly produced in the Yellow River Basin from the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty. After the Song Dynasty,they were produced in the south of the Yangtze River. The variety of Oleaceae was mainly produced in Shanxi,Henan,Shandong,Shaanxi,and northern Sichuan from the Tang and Song Dynasties. Currently,Shanxi and Henan have the largest output. Traditionally,there were two commercial varieties including Qingqiao and Laoqiao of Lianqiao based on the harvesting time. In traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) theory,Lianqiao removes evil heat and relieves toxicity,removes swelling and resolves enlarged nodes. Accroding to the effects of Lianqiao,Qingqiao was considered to be better than Laoqiao in TCM clinic. The modern research on main medicinal constituents and pharmacodynamic effects also confirmed the above mentioned facts. This paper can provide literature support for the rationalities of Qingqiao's mainstream medication and assay standard of Lianqiao in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
连翘分为近成熟果实和熟透果实，分别称为青翘和老翘。本文基于青翘和老翘哪个更好的不同观点，从命名、品种、产地、采收加工、药用部位、药性及临床疗效等方面进行了本草学研究。结果表明，唐代以前连翘来源于藤黄科植物红旱莲和直立金丝桃的地上部分。除此之外，南北朝至唐代新以木犀科植物连翘的果实作为连翘药用。宋代以后，连翘则一直以木犀科植物连翘为唯一来源。随着药用品种的变迁，连翘的产地也发生了变化。藤黄科品种在汉代至唐代主要产于黄河流域，宋代以后产于长江以南地区。木犀科品种在唐宋时期主要产于山西、河南、山东、陕西及四川北部，目前以山西和河南产量最大。传统上，连翘按采收时间分为青翘和老翘两个商品品种。在中医理论中，连翘具有清热解毒、消肿散结的功效。在中医临床中，认为青翘优于老翘。现代对其主要药用成分及药效学作用的研究也证实了上述事实。本文可为青翘主流用药的合理性及《中国药典》中连翘含量测定标准提供文献支持。
