Igarashi Ayaka, Aida Jun, Kusama Taro, Osaka Ken
Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2020;67(3):183-190. doi: 10.11236/jph.67.3_183.
Objectives Differences in exposure to secondhand smoke at the workplace, based on job category, have been assessed in some countries. While differences due to socioeconomic status have been assessed in Japan, few studies have been conducted to examine differences across job categories. We aimed to clarify the differences in nonsmokers' exposure to secondhand smoke at the workplace across job categories in Japan.Methods This cross-sectional study used data from an online survey conducted in 2017. A total of 1,739 participants, aged 20-69 years, were included. The dependent variable was exposure to secondhand smoke at the workplace, whereas the independent variable was job category, which was classified into the following 7 categories: 1) Management, Professional, and Technical; 2) Clerical; 3) Sales and Service; 4) Security; 5) Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishery; 6) Production Process, Transport, Cleaning, Packaging, etc.; and 7) Transportation, Machine Operation, Construction, and Mining. Analysis included estimates of the prevalence ratios (PRs) for the differences in exposure to secondhand smoke based on job category. In the analyses, sex, age, educational status, income, smoking environment at business, and awareness of secondhand smoke were considered covariates.Results The mean age of the participants was 43.3 years (SD=11.9); men constituted 60.5% of the study participants. A total of 529 individuals (30.4%) were exposed to secondhand smoke at the workplace in the past month. Of these, 171 (27.9%), 155 (27.1%), 116 (33.7%), 10 (45.5%), 7 (31.8%), 39 (34.5%), and 31 (58.5%) were found from the 1 to the 7 category, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, PRs (95% confidence interval) of exposure to secondhand smoke at the workplace among non-smokers were 1.27 (1.04-1.56), 1.61 (1.02-2.56), and 1.75 (1.33-2.31) for the Sales and Service category; Security category; and Transportation, Machine Operation, Construction, and Mining category, respectively, compared to the Clerical category.Conclusion Certain job categories may not be able to benefit from secondhand smoke prevention measures, although the measures have been promoted by the revised Health Promotion Act. It is, thus, necessary to monitor the situation of exposure to secondhand smoke at the workplace across diverse settings.
目的 在一些国家，已对基于工作类别划分的职场二手烟暴露差异进行了评估。虽然日本已对社会经济地位导致的差异进行了评估，但很少有研究探讨不同工作类别之间的差异。我们旨在阐明日本不同工作类别中不吸烟者在职场的二手烟暴露差异。
方法 这项横断面研究使用了2017年在线调查的数据。共纳入1739名年龄在20 - 69岁的参与者。因变量是职场二手烟暴露情况，自变量是工作类别，分为以下7类：1) 管理、专业和技术类；2) 文职类；3) 销售和服务类；4) 安保类；5) 农业、林业和渔业类；6) 生产流程、运输、清洁、包装等类；7) 运输、机器操作、建筑和采矿类。分析包括基于工作类别对二手烟暴露差异的患病率比（PRs）估计。在分析中，将性别、年龄、教育程度、收入、工作时的吸烟环境以及二手烟知晓情况作为协变量。
结果 参与者的平均年龄为43.3岁（标准差 = 11.9）；男性占研究参与者的60.5%。在过去一个月中，共有529人（30.4%）在职场暴露于二手烟。其中，分别从第1类到第7类中发现171人（27.9%）、155人（27.1%）、116人（33.7%）、10人（45.5%）、7人（31.8%）、39人（34.5%）和31人（58.5%）。在多变量分析中，与文职类相比，销售和服务类、安保类以及运输、机器操作、建筑和采矿类的不吸烟者在职场二手烟暴露的PRs（95%置信区间）分别为1.27（1.04 - 1.56）、1.61（1.02 - 2.56）和1.75（1.33 - 2.31）。
结论 尽管修订后的《健康促进法》已推广了二手烟预防措施，但某些工作类别可能无法从中受益。因此，有必要监测不同工作场所的二手烟暴露情况。
