Dai Hongying, Hao Jianqiang
Health Services and Outcomes Research, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO.
Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2017 Nov 1;19(11):1300-1307. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntw306.
To compare changes in exposure to workplace secondhand smoke (SHS) by industry of employment and occupation from 2010 to 2015.
Data were collected from 2010 and 2015 National Health Interview Survey. Weighted estimates of the prevalence of exposure to workplace SHS among currently working nonsmokers in 2010 (n = 12 627) and 2015 (n = 16 399) were compared.
The prevalence of exposure to workplace SHS among currently working nonsmokers was 10.0% in 2015 and 9.5% in 2010. Exposure to workplace SHS is disproportionally high among male workers, young workers, non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, workers with low education and low income, and workers residing in the Southern United States. Tobacco control policies have effectively reduced exposure to workplace SHS in a few white-collar and service job categories but blue-collar workers remain to have a high prevalence of exposure to workplace SHS. From 2010 to 2015, "transportation and warehousing industries" had the largest increase in SHS exposure (13.3%-21.5%, p value = .004) and "arts, entertainment, and recreation industries" had the largest decline in prevalence of exposure to SHS (20.1%-11.5%, p value = .01). In the multivariate analysis, workers with service (aOR = 1.4, p < .0001) and blue-collar occupations (aOR = 2.5, p < .0001) had a significantly higher prevalence of exposure to workplace SHS than those with white-collar occupations.
Disparities of SHS exposure by industry, occupation, and social demographic class continue to exist. Blue-collar workers, especially those working in "transportation and construction industries," along with young workers and workers in high risk social classes are priority groups for future workplace SHS prevention.
An estimated 12.6 million working nonsmokers were regularly exposed to SHS at work in 2015. We compared the changes in prevalence of exposure to workplace SHS from 2010 to 2015 by social demographic class, industry of employment and occupation. Our findings could help inform the policymakers and health practitioners to establish stronger smoke-free air laws and conduct education campaigns to reduce the exposure to workplace SHS, especially among certain industries and occupations with a disproportionally high prevalence of exposure to workplace SHS.
比较2010年至2015年按就业行业和职业划分的工作场所二手烟（SHS）暴露变化情况。
数据收集自2010年和2015年的全国健康访谈调查。比较了2010年（n = 12627）和2015年（n = 16399）当前在职非吸烟者中工作场所SHS暴露患病率的加权估计值。
2015年当前在职非吸烟者中工作场所SHS暴露患病率为10.0%，2010年为9.5%。男性工人、年轻工人、非西班牙裔黑人、西班牙裔、低教育和低收入工人以及居住在美国南部的工人中，工作场所SHS暴露比例过高。烟草控制政策已有效降低了一些白领和服务类工作岗位的工作场所SHS暴露，但蓝领工人的工作场所SHS暴露患病率仍然很高。从2010年到2015年，“运输和仓储行业”的SHS暴露增加幅度最大（13.3% - 21.5%，p值 = 0.004），“艺术、娱乐和休闲行业”的SHS暴露患病率下降幅度最大（20.1% - 11.5%，p值 = 0.01）。在多变量分析中，从事服务行业（调整后比值比[aOR] = 1.4，p < 0.0001）和蓝领职业（aOR = 2.5，p < 0.0001）的工人工作场所SHS暴露患病率显著高于从事白领职业的工人。
SHS暴露在行业、职业和社会人口阶层方面的差异仍然存在。蓝领工人，尤其是那些在“运输和建筑行业”工作的工人，以及年轻工人和高风险社会阶层的工人，是未来工作场所SHS预防的重点群体。
2015年估计有1260万在职非吸烟者在工作中经常接触SHS。我们比较了2010年至2015年按社会人口阶层、就业行业和职业划分的工作场所SHS暴露患病率变化情况。我们的研究结果可为政策制定者和卫生从业者提供参考，以制定更严格的无烟空气法律并开展教育活动，减少工作场所SHS暴露，特别是在某些工作场所SHS暴露患病率过高的行业和职业中。
