Jacobsen N O, Ottosen P D, Christensen S
University Institute of Pathology, Aarhus Kommunehospital, Denmark.
APMIS Suppl. 1988;4:56-65.
The effects of lithium (Li) on the kidney were studied in normal Long Evans (LE) rats and in rats of the Brattleboro strain (DI rats) which have a congenital (hypothalamic) diabetes insipidus. The rats received a moderate daily oral dose of Li for 4 weeks. The renal cortex of untreated DI rats showed no changes compared with LE rats, but in their medullary collecting ducts (CD) the cells appeared more voluminous, and by light microscope morphometry (outer medulla) their volume fraction was increased. Furthermore, there was an increase in the enzyme histochemical activities of succinate and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenases, most pronounced in the inner medullary zone. Li-treated LE rats and DI rats both showed the same degree of cortical and medullary changes. In the cortex, the light microscope and enzyme histochemical changes were confined to the connecting tubules (CNT) and CD. In the outer and inner medullary zones the increase in CD volume fraction and enzyme activity was much more pronounced than in untreated DI rats. Morphometry of the inner stripe of the outer medullary zone showed the same decrease in the volume fraction of the distal straight tubules (DST) in DI rats with and without Li treatment, as well as in Li-treated LE rats compared with normal LE rats. This decrease may be due to the lack of vasopressin-mediated cyclic AMP generation in the DST of these three groups of animals. It is concluded that the changes induced by Li in the DST are likely to be due to impairment of the vasopressin response known to be present in this segment. However, in the CNT and in the cortical and medullary CD there are changes which are effects of Li not related to the cellular actions of vasopressin.
在正常的长 Evans（LE）大鼠以及患有先天性（下丘脑性）尿崩症的 Brattleboro 品系大鼠（DI 大鼠）中研究了锂（Li）对肾脏的影响。这些大鼠每天口服适量的 Li，持续 4 周。未处理的 DI 大鼠的肾皮质与 LE 大鼠相比无变化，但在其髓质集合管（CD）中，细胞显得更大，通过光学显微镜形态计量学（外髓）测量，其体积分数增加。此外，琥珀酸脱氢酶和α-甘油磷酸脱氢酶的酶组织化学活性增加，在内髓区最为明显。用 Li 处理的 LE 大鼠和 DI 大鼠均表现出相同程度的皮质和髓质变化。在皮质中，光学显微镜和酶组织化学变化局限于连接小管（CNT）和 CD。在外髓和内髓区，CD 体积分数和酶活性的增加比未处理的 DI 大鼠更明显。外髓区内带的形态计量学显示，无论是否用 Li 处理的 DI 大鼠以及用 Li 处理的 LE 大鼠与正常 LE 大鼠相比，远直小管（DST）的体积分数均有相同程度的降低。这种降低可能是由于这三组动物的 DST 中缺乏血管加压素介导的环磷酸腺苷生成。结论是，Li 在 DST 中引起的变化可能是由于已知存在于该节段的血管加压素反应受损。然而，在 CNT 以及皮质和髓质 CD 中存在的变化是 Li 的作用，与血管加压素的细胞作用无关。
