Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA; UCI Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA; UCI Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, CA 92697, USA; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Germany.
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2020 Jun;116:104659. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104659. Epub 2020 Mar 23.
Childhood obesity constitutes a major global public health challenge. A substantial body of evidence suggests that conditions and states experienced by the embryo/fetus in utero can result in structural and functional changes in cells, tissues, organ systems and homeostatic set points related to obesity. Furthermore, growing evidence suggests that maternal conditions and states experienced prior to conception, such as stress, obesity and metabolic dysfunction, may spill over into pregnancy and influence those key aspects of gestational biology that program offspring obesity risk. In this narrative review, we advance a novel hypothesis and life-span framework to propose that maternal exposure to childhood maltreatment may constitute an important and as-yet-underappreciated risk factor implicated in developmental programming of offspring obesity risk via the long-term psychological, biological and behavioral sequelae of childhood maltreatment exposure. In this context, our framework considers the key role of maternal-placental-fetal endocrine, immune and metabolic pathways and also other processes including epigenetics, oocyte mitochondrial biology, and the maternal and infant microbiomes. Finally, our paper discusses future research directions required to elucidate the nature and mechanisms of the intergenerational transmission of the effects of maternal childhood maltreatment on offspring obesity risk.
儿童肥胖是全球主要的公共卫生挑战之一。大量证据表明，胚胎/胎儿在子宫内经历的情况和状态会导致与肥胖相关的细胞、组织、器官系统和稳态设定点的结构和功能变化。此外，越来越多的证据表明，母亲在受孕前经历的情况和状态，如压力、肥胖和代谢功能障碍，可能会蔓延到怀孕期，并影响到那些决定胎儿肥胖风险的妊娠生物学的关键方面。在这篇叙述性评论中，我们提出了一个新的假说和生命周期框架，提出母亲暴露于儿童期虐待可能是一个重要的、尚未被充分认识的风险因素，通过儿童期虐待暴露的长期心理、生理和行为后果，参与了后代肥胖风险的发育编程。在这种情况下，我们的框架考虑了母体-胎盘-胎儿内分泌、免疫和代谢途径的关键作用，以及其他过程，包括表观遗传学、卵母细胞线粒体生物学以及母婴微生物组。最后，我们的论文讨论了阐明母亲儿童期虐待对后代肥胖风险的影响的代际传递的性质和机制所需的未来研究方向。
