School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2020 Apr;157(4):466-473.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.05.015.
Pediatric sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) describes a spectrum of disease ranging from snoring to upper airway resistance syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Anatomical features assessed during orthodontic exams are often associated with symptoms of SDB in children. Hence, we need to determine the prevalence of positive risk for SDB in the pediatric orthodontic population compared with a general pediatric population and understand comorbidities associated with SDB risk among orthodontic patients.
Responses from Pediatric Sleep Questionnaires were collected from 390 patients between the ages of 5 and 16 years, seeking orthodontic treatment. Prevalence of overall SDB risk, habitual snoring, and sleepiness were determined in the orthodontic population and compared with those previously reported by identical methods in the general pediatric population. Additional health history information was used to assess comorbidities associated with SDB risk in 130 of the patients.
At 10.8%, the prevalence of positive SDB risk was found to be significantly higher in the general pediatric orthodontic population than in a healthy pediatric population (5%). The prevalence of snoring and sleepiness in the orthodontic population was 13.3% and 17.9%, respectively. Among the comorbidities, nocturnal enuresis (13.6%), overweight (18.2%), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (31.8%) had a higher prevalence in orthodontic patients with higher SDB risk (P < 0.05).
There is a higher pediatric SDB risk prevalence in the orthodontic population compared with a healthy pediatric population. Orthodontic practitioners should make SDB screening a routine part of their clinical practice.
儿科睡眠呼吸障碍（SDB）描述了一系列疾病，从打鼾到上呼吸道阻力综合征和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）不等。在正畸检查中评估的解剖特征通常与儿童 SDB 的症状相关。因此，我们需要确定与一般儿科人群相比，正畸人群中 SDB 风险的阳性率，并了解正畸患者中与 SDB 风险相关的合并症。
从 390 名 5 至 16 岁寻求正畸治疗的患者中收集了小儿睡眠问卷的答复。在正畸人群中确定了总体 SDB 风险、习惯性打鼾和嗜睡的患病率，并与相同方法在一般儿科人群中报告的患病率进行了比较。利用额外的健康史信息评估了 130 名患者中与 SDB 风险相关的合并症。
10.8%的阳性 SDB 风险在一般儿科正畸人群中显著高于健康儿科人群（5%）。正畸人群中打鼾和嗜睡的患病率分别为 13.3%和 17.9%。在合并症中，遗尿症（13.6%）、超重（18.2%）和注意力缺陷多动障碍（31.8%）在 SDB 风险较高的正畸患者中更为常见（P < 0.05）。
与健康儿科人群相比，正畸人群中儿科 SDB 风险的患病率更高。正畸医生应将 SDB 筛查作为其临床实践的常规内容。
