Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Adv Cancer Res. 2020;146:1-21. doi: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.01.002. Epub 2020 Feb 24.
Ovarian cancer is one of the most fatal cancers diagnosed in women in the United States (U.S.). Data from national databases, including the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program, show racial/ethnic differences in risk and survival of epithelial ovarian cancer with higher incidence among white women yet worse survival among African-American women compared to other racial/ethnic groups. The reasons for these differences are not well understood, but are likely multi-factorial. Epidemiologic studies suggest there may be some risk factor differences across racial/ethnic groups that would explain differences in the incidence of this rare and heterogeneous disease. Likewise, although data suggest that socioeconomic factors and access to care contribute to the disparity in ovarian cancer survival among African-American women, there are likely other contributing factors that have not as of yet been identified. Small sample sizes of minority women from individual studies do not provide adequate power to evaluate fully the contributions of environmental, genetic, and clinical factors associated with ovarian cancer risk and survival within these groups. Pooling existing data from individual epidemiologic studies has made a valuable contribution; however, new data collection is warranted to further our understanding of the underpinnings of the disparities in ovarian cancer that may lead to prevention and improved survival across all racial/ethnic groups.
卵巢癌是美国女性中诊断出的最致命癌症之一。来自国家数据库的数据，包括监测、流行病学和最终结果（SEER）计划，显示出上皮性卵巢癌在风险和存活率方面存在种族/民族差异，白人女性的发病率较高，而非洲裔美国女性的存活率却比其他种族/民族群体更差。这些差异的原因尚不清楚，但可能是多因素的。流行病学研究表明，不同种族/民族群体之间可能存在一些风险因素差异，这些差异可以解释这种罕见和异质性疾病发病率的差异。同样，尽管数据表明，社会经济因素和获得医疗保健的机会导致非洲裔美国女性卵巢癌存活率存在差异，但可能还有其他尚未确定的因素。来自个别研究的少数族裔女性的样本量较小，无法充分评估与卵巢癌风险和生存相关的环境、遗传和临床因素在这些群体中的作用。汇集个别流行病学研究中的现有数据做出了宝贵的贡献；然而，需要新的数据收集来进一步了解卵巢癌差异的基础，这可能会导致所有种族/民族群体的预防和生存改善。
