Vargas Camila, Lutz Mariane, Papuzinski Cristian, Arancibia Marcelo
Cátedra de Metodología de la Investigación Científica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile.
Cátedra de Metodología de la Investigación Científica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile; Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios en Salud (CIESAL), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
Medwave. 2020 Mar 31;20(2):e7857. doi: 10.5867/medwave.2020.02.7857.
Gender is a psychosocial construct referring to the socially built roles, behaviors, expressions and identities of girls, women, boys, men and people with gender diversity, while sex is related to the biological attributes of a woman or a man. Even though the terms sex and gender are often used in a binary way, there is considerable diversity in the way individuals and groups understand, experiment and express them. This narrative review describes some relevant aspects of the subjective difference that exists and favors men over women in the fields of sciences and research, starting from a historical perspective in the light of feminist movements. In particular, women are described as researchers - crea-tors of scientific knowledge, as well as the subjects of analysis. Some conflicts arising from sex bias, applied to biomedical research, are also analyzed, and cases are delivered that exemplify the disarray that has historically accompanied the female gender in this area, its ignorance and little cultural recognition. This review is the last article in a methodological series on general concepts in biostatistics and clinical epidemiology developed by the Chair of Methodology of Scientific Research of the School of Medicine of the Universidad de Valparaiso, Chile, which aims to address a contingent and cross-cutting theme to all scientific research.
性别是一种社会心理建构，指的是女孩、女性、男孩、男性以及性别多样化人群在社会中所形成的角色、行为、表达方式和身份认同，而性则与女性或男性的生物学属性相关。尽管“性”和“性别”这两个术语常常以二元方式使用，但个人和群体对它们的理解、体验和表达却存在相当大的差异。这篇叙述性综述从女权运动的历史视角出发，描述了在科学和研究领域存在的、有利于男性而不利于女性的主观差异的一些相关方面。具体而言，女性被描述为科学知识的研究者和创造者，以及分析的对象。文中还分析了应用于生物医学研究中的性别偏见所引发的一些冲突，并列举了一些案例，这些案例体现了该领域历史上一直伴随着女性的混乱状况、对女性的忽视以及很少的文化认可。这篇综述是智利瓦尔帕莱索大学医学院科学研究方法学主席所开展的关于生物统计学和临床流行病学一般概念的方法学系列文章中的最后一篇，旨在探讨一个所有科学研究都涉及的偶然且贯穿各领域的主题。
