Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2020 Aug;56:20-27. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.02.007. Epub 2020 Mar 31.
Rust fungi are major pathogens that negatively affect crops and ecosystems. Recent rust disease epidemics driven by the emergence of strains with novel virulence profiles demand a better understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms of these organisms. Here, we review research advances in genome-scale analysis coupled with functional validation of effector candidate genes that have been instrumental to elucidate processes that contribute to changes in virulence phenotypes. We highlight how haplotype-phased genome references have paved the road to link these processes to the reproductive phases of rust fungi and have provided evidence for somatic exchange between strains as an important mechanism for generating diversity in asexual populations. With increasing data availability, we envision the future development of molecular virulence diagnostic tools.
锈菌是影响作物和生态系统的主要病原体。最近，由于具有新毒力谱的菌株的出现，锈病疫情爆发，这要求我们更好地了解这些生物体的进化机制。在这里，我们回顾了与功能验证相结合的全基因组分析在鉴定候选效应基因方面的研究进展，这些研究对阐明导致毒力表型变化的过程至关重要。我们强调了单倍型定相基因组参考如何为将这些过程与锈菌的繁殖阶段联系起来铺平了道路，并为菌株间体细胞交换作为无性种群产生多样性的重要机制提供了证据。随着数据可用性的增加，我们可以预见未来分子毒力诊断工具的发展。
