Szewińska Joanna, Matuszkiewicz Mateusz, Rakoczy-Trojanowska Monika, Święcicka Magdalena, Krysińska Marianna, Wakuliński Wojciech
Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland.
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland.
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Jul 19;25(1):935. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-06920-0.
Adult-plant resistance (APR) is a type of genetic resistance of cereals against a range of disease-causing pathogens including leaf rust (LR). In rye, APR to LR although known, is poorly understood, especially at the molecular level. Recently, numerous variants of genes encoding ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and sugar transporters, have been identified in the rye transcriptome. In these two pools of genes, we decided to find genes determining APR using both nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarity to the Lr34 and Lr67 genes carrying the APR to LR in wheat as the main selection criterion and as an additional criterion - expression profiles of chosen variants in seedlings infected with LR.
The phylogenetic analysis of chosen genes ScLr_ABC and ScLr_SUG encoding, respectively, ABC and sugar transporters revealed that a lack of polymorphisms responsible for APR in wheat. However, ScLr_SUG1, a putative ortholog of Lr67, and ScLr_ABC25, which shows high 3D structural similarity to Lr34, could potentially be involved in APR of rye. The analysis of the expression of selected ScLr_ABC and ScLr_SUG genes carried out on plants infected with fungal spores collected from locations where phenotypic assessments were performed. Most of the analyzed genes did not show any clear association between APR to LR. Only ScLr_ABC25 gene seems to determine APR-type immunity against LR.
This work is the first attempt to find genetic determinants of APR resistance to LR in common rye. Our studies show that the mechanism of this type of resistance is different in rye than in other cereals studied in this respect (mainly wheat and barley). However, our findings are a good starting point for further research, and, as in the case of the ScLr_ABC25 gene - they can be the basis for creating a molecular resistance breeding program focused on selecting forms characterized by APR to LR.
成株抗性（APR）是谷类作物对一系列致病病原体（包括叶锈病，LR）的一种遗传抗性。在黑麦中，虽然已知其对叶锈病具有成株抗性，但人们对其了解甚少，尤其是在分子水平上。最近，在黑麦转录组中鉴定出了许多编码ATP结合盒（ABC）和糖转运蛋白的基因变体。在这两组基因中，我们决定以与小麦中携带对叶锈病成株抗性的Lr34和Lr67基因的核苷酸和氨基酸序列相似性作为主要选择标准，并以所选变体在感染叶锈病的幼苗中的表达谱作为附加标准，来寻找决定成株抗性的基因。
对分别编码ABC和糖转运蛋白的所选基因ScLr_ABC和ScLr_SUG进行系统发育分析，结果表明在小麦中缺乏负责成株抗性的多态性。然而，Lr67的假定直系同源基因ScLr_SUG1和与Lr34具有高度三维结构相似性的ScLr_ABC25可能潜在地参与黑麦的成株抗性。对从进行表型评估的地点收集的感染真菌孢子的植物进行所选ScLr_ABC和ScLr_SUG基因的表达分析。大多数分析的基因在对叶锈病的成株抗性之间未显示出任何明显关联。只有ScLr_ABC25基因似乎决定了对叶锈病的成株抗性类型免疫。
这项工作是在普通黑麦中寻找对叶锈病成株抗性的遗传决定因素的首次尝试。我们的研究表明，这种抗性类型的机制在黑麦中与在这方面研究的其他谷类作物（主要是小麦和大麦）不同。然而，我们的发现是进一步研究的良好起点，并且，就ScLr_ABC25基因而言 - 它们可以作为创建专注于选择具有对叶锈病成株抗性特征的形式的分子抗性育种计划的基础。
