CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Mass Spectrometry Centre & QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Mar Drugs. 2020 Mar 31;18(4):188. doi: 10.3390/md18040188.
In the last decades, the use of algae in biotechnology and food industries has experienced an exponential growth. is a green macroalgae with high biotechnological potential, due to its rich lipidome, although few studies have addressed it. This study aimed to investigate the seasonal changes in lipid and pigment profiles of , as well as to screen its antioxidant activity, in order to evaluate its natural plasticity. Samples of were collected in two different seasons, early-autumn (September/October) and spring (May), in the Portuguese coast (wild samples), and in a land-based integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) system (IMTA samples). Total lipid extracts were analysed by LC-MS, GC-MS, and HPLC, and antioxidant activity was screened through free radical scavenging potential against DPPH and 2,20-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals. Wild samples showed a high seasonal variability, modifying their lipidome and pigment profiles according to environmental shifts, while IMTA samples showed a relatively stable composition due to early-stage culturing in controlled conditions. The lipids that contributed the most to seasonal discrimination were glycolipids (monogalactosyl diacylglycerol - MGDG and digalactosyl diacylglycerol - DGDG) and the lyso forms of phospholipids and glycolipids. Lipid extracts showed antioxidant activity ranging from 61 ± 2 to 115 ± 35 µmol Trolox g of lipid extract in DPPH assay and from 532 ± 73 to 927 ± 92 µmol Trolox g of lipid extract in ABTS assay, with a more intense antioxidant activity in wild spring samples. This study revealed that wild specimens of presented a higher plasticity to cope with seasonal environmental changes, adjusting their lipid, pigment, and bioactivity profiles, while IMTA samples, cultured under controlled conditions, displayed more stable lipidome and pigment compositions.
在过去的几十年中，藻类在生物技术和食品工业中的应用经历了指数级的增长。 是一种具有高生物技术潜力的绿色大型藻类，由于其丰富的脂类组，尽管很少有研究涉及到它。本研究旨在调查 的脂质和色素特征的季节性变化，并筛选其抗氧化活性，以评估其天然的可塑性。 于两个不同的季节（早秋（九月/十月）和春季（五月））在葡萄牙海岸（野生样本）和基于陆地的综合多营养水产养殖（IMTA）系统（IMTA 样本）中采集。通过 LC-MS、GC-MS 和 HPLC 分析总脂质提取物，并通过 DPPH 和 2,20-偶氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸（ABTS）自由基清除能力筛选抗氧化活性。野生样本表现出很高的季节性变化，根据环境变化改变其脂类组和色素特征，而 IMTA 样本由于在受控条件下的早期培养，表现出相对稳定的组成。对季节性差异贡献最大的脂质是糖脂（单半乳糖二酰甘油 - MGDG 和双半乳糖二酰甘油 - DGDG）和磷脂和糖脂的溶菌形式。脂质提取物在 DPPH 测定中表现出的抗氧化活性范围为 61 ± 2 至 115 ± 35 µmol Trolox g 脂质提取物，在 ABTS 测定中为 532 ± 73 至 927 ± 92 µmol Trolox g 脂质提取物，野生春季样本的抗氧化活性更强。本研究表明， 野生标本表现出更高的可塑性，以适应季节性环境变化，调整其脂质、色素和生物活性特征，而在受控条件下培养的 IMTA 样本显示出更稳定的脂质组和色素组成。
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