Kutzler Michelle A
Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, 112 Withycombe Hall, Corvallis, OR 97370, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2020 Apr 1;10(4):599. doi: 10.3390/ani10040599.
Spaying and neutering dogs is commonly used to prevent the birth of unwanted animals and eliminate the risk of reproductive diseases. However, removal of the gonads prevents the feedback of estrogen and testosterone on the pituitary and hypothalamus. As a result, luteinizing hormone (LH) is continuously elevated at supraphysiologic concentrations. Although the main role of LH is for reproductive function (e.g., ovulation), there are LH receptors present in several normal tissues including the thyroid and adrenal glands, gastrointestinal tract, cranial cruciate ligament and round ligament, and lymphocytes. In addition, there are LH receptors present in several neoplastic tissues (e.g., lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, mastocytoma, transitional cell carcinoma, and osteosarcoma). The role of LH receptors in non-reproductive normal and neoplastic tissues is not known but may stimulate nitric oxide release and induce cell division. The precise etiology of the increased incidence of several non-reproductive long-term health complications following spaying and neutering is not known but may be related to LH receptor activation in these non-reproductive target tissues. How these effects may be mediated is described in this review.
给狗绝育通常用于防止意外产仔并消除生殖疾病风险。然而，性腺切除会阻止雌激素和睾酮对垂体和下丘脑的反馈作用。结果，促黄体生成素（LH）持续以超生理浓度升高。虽然LH的主要作用是生殖功能（如排卵），但在包括甲状腺、肾上腺、胃肠道、颅交叉韧带和圆韧带以及淋巴细胞在内的几种正常组织中存在LH受体。此外，在几种肿瘤组织（如淋巴瘤、血管肉瘤、肥大细胞瘤、移行细胞癌和骨肉瘤）中也存在LH受体。LH受体在非生殖正常组织和肿瘤组织中的作用尚不清楚，但可能刺激一氧化氮释放并诱导细胞分裂。绝育后几种非生殖性长期健康并发症发病率增加的确切病因尚不清楚，但可能与这些非生殖靶组织中的LH受体激活有关。本综述描述了这些影响可能如何介导。
