Nafei Zahra, Behniafard Nasrin, Shefai Farzane
Children Growth Disorders Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Department of Allergy and Immunology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2019 Oct 23;18(5):567-571. doi: 10.18502/ijaai.v18i5.1926.
Phenobarbital is still one of the most commonly used medical treatments for different types of seizures. It has numerous different side-effects. Antiepileptic hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) is a rare and potentially life-threatening adverse reaction to aromatic anticonvulsants such as phenobarbital. Its characteristic features are fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy with different severity of hematologic abnormalities. This case report presents a 26-month-old girl that developed fever, disseminated maculopapular rash, petechiae and thrombocytopenia two weeks after the initiation of phenobarbital prescribed for febrile seizure prophylaxis. The patient was admitted in our center with the impression of hypersensitivity syndrome, so phenobarbital was discontinued and her treatment was resumed with methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin. After a few days, all symptoms improved and the platelet count was normalized. Thrombocytopenia is a rare complication of hypersensitivity syndrome to phenobarbital in children. Paying attention to this point can prevent the life-threatening adverse effects of this highly consumed medicine.
苯巴比妥仍然是治疗不同类型癫痫最常用的药物之一。它有许多不同的副作用。抗癫痫药超敏反应综合征（AHS）是一种罕见的、可能危及生命的对芳香族抗惊厥药（如苯巴比妥）的不良反应。其特征性表现为发热、皮疹、淋巴结病以及不同严重程度的血液学异常。本病例报告介绍了一名26个月大的女孩，在开始服用用于预防热性惊厥的苯巴比妥两周后出现发热、弥漫性斑丘疹、瘀点和血小板减少。该患者因超敏反应综合征入住我们中心，因此停用了苯巴比妥，并改用甲泼尼龙和静脉注射免疫球蛋白继续治疗。几天后，所有症状均有改善，血小板计数恢复正常。血小板减少是儿童苯巴比妥超敏反应综合征的一种罕见并发症。关注这一点可以预防这种高消耗药物的危及生命的不良反应。
