Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, King's College London, London, UK.
London South Bank University, London, UK.
J Clin Nurs. 2020 Jul;29(13-14):2150-2160. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15267. Epub 2020 Apr 13.
This scoping review commissioned by the Public Health England, WHO collaborating Centre, aimed to explore the models and frameworks which enable nurses to develop their public health practice and deliver public health interventions to individuals, families and communities.
There is a plethora of literature regarding the role, activities and scope of practice undertaken by public health nurses across the world. However, only two reviews have explored the models and frameworks used for public health nursing practice.
The study drew upon an established framework with a narrative review drawing upon five methodological steps.
A search of databases, Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, CINHAL and British Nursing Index, was undertaken. The search took place between April 2018 and June 2018 retrieving 9,513 peer-reviewed articles published from 2008.
Ninety-five studies were retrieved and analysed thematically. From an initial review of literature, two themes were identified: public health models used in practice and models used in public health education. Within the first theme, three subthemes were emerged: Characteristics of the interventions; Characteristics of the public health nurse; and Lack of measurable health benefits. Within the second theme, three subthemes were identified: Faculty and Students Working Together; The Experiential Academic Approach, and What works in Educating Nurses for Public Health.
The review identified that many models and frameworks are used in practice. However, within public health practice there is a limited evidence base and it fails to demonstrate that the frameworks and models developed for practice result in measurable health benefits on an individual or population level. However, within education innovative models were apparent with collaborative partnerships enabling preregistration nursing students to develop public health nursing competencies.
Innovative approaches to education of preregistration nursing students could point the way forward for the delivery of public health nursing practice.
这项由英国公共卫生署委托、世界卫生组织合作中心进行的范围界定审查旨在探讨使护士能够发展其公共卫生实践并向个人、家庭和社区提供公共卫生干预措施的模式和框架。
关于世界各地公共卫生护士的角色、活动和实践范围，有大量文献。然而，只有两项审查探讨了用于公共卫生护理实践的模式和框架。
该研究借鉴了一个既定框架，采用叙事性综述，包括五个方法步骤。
对数据库、Medline、PsycINFO、Embase、CINHAL 和英国护理索引进行了检索。检索于 2018 年 4 月至 6 月进行，检索到 2008 年以来发表的 9513 篇同行评议文章。
检索到 95 项研究并进行了主题分析。从对文献的初步审查中，确定了两个主题：实践中使用的公共卫生模型和公共卫生教育中使用的模型。在第一个主题中，出现了三个子主题：干预措施的特征；公共卫生护士的特征；以及缺乏可衡量的健康益处。在第二个主题中，确定了三个子主题：教师和学生共同合作；体验式学术方法；以及教育护士从事公共卫生工作的有效方法。
该审查确定，许多模型和框架在实践中得到了应用。然而，在公共卫生实践中，证据基础有限，无法证明为实践开发的框架和模型会导致个人或人群层面的可衡量的健康益处。然而，在教育方面，创新模式显而易见，合作伙伴关系使注册前护理学生能够发展公共卫生护理能力。
创新的方法来教育注册前的护理学生可以为公共卫生护理实践的提供指明方向。
