Laboratory of Microbial Processes in Foods, Department of Food Engineering, Center of Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil.
Food Res Int. 2020 May;131:109046. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109046. Epub 2020 Jan 29.
This study assessed the phenolics and their bioaccessibility through an in vitro digestion system coupled to a simulated intestinal barrier in eight edible flowers of distinct colors, namely mini rose, torenia, mini daisy, clitoria, cosmos, cravine, begonia and tagete. The antioxidant activity of the flowers before in vitro digestion, in their derived dialyzed and non-dialyzed fractions was evaluated using distinct approaches. All flowers presented in their composition phenolic acids, stilbenes, flavanol, anthocyanin, flavonol and flavanone, however distinct compounds and contents were found in each flower. The bioaccessibility varied among the phenolics and within the flower source (p < 0.05). Cosmos presented the highest (p < 0.05) content of phenolics and activity in ORAC assay before in vitro digestion and in dialyzed and non-dialyzed fraction; the observed activity was correlated (r = 0.9) to its major compounds, hesperidin and rutin, as well as to caftaric acid and procyanidin B2. Mini rose displayed the highest antioxidant activity in FRAP and DPPH assays before in vitro digestion; its dialyzed and non-dialyzed fraction showed the highest activity in FRAP, correlated to pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside, catechin, epicatechin galate, epicagocatechin galate, procyanidin A2, quercitin 3-glucoside and trans-resveratrol (r = 0.9). In DPPH assay, mini rose showed the highest activity in the non-dialyzed fraction, while cravine showed the highest activity in the dialyzed fraction, which was mainly correlated to syringic acid (r = 1.0), pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside and epicatechin (r = 0.9). Results show great variability in the phenolic composition and their bioaccessibility among the edible flowers studied. Our findings indicate cosmos and mini rose as sources of bioaccessible phenolics with great antioxidant activity.
本研究评估了八种不同颜色的可食用花卉（迷你玫瑰、报春花、小雏菊、蓝蝴蝶、波斯菊、鸡冠花、秋海棠和万寿菊）中的酚类物质及其通过体外消化系统和模拟肠道屏障的生物可利用性。在体外消化之前，使用不同的方法评估了花卉衍生的透析和非透析部分的抗氧化活性。所有花卉均含有酚酸、白藜芦醇、黄烷醇、花青素、黄酮醇和黄烷酮，但在每种花卉中发现了不同的化合物和含量。酚类物质的生物可利用性在不同花卉之间以及同一花卉来源中存在差异（p<0.05）。在体外消化之前，宇宙表现出最高（p<0.05）的酚类物质含量和 ORAC 测定活性，以及在透析和非透析部分；观察到的活性与它的主要化合物橙皮苷和芦丁，以及咖啡酸和原花青素 B2 相关（r=0.9）。迷你玫瑰在体外消化之前的 FRAP 和 DPPH 测定中表现出最高的抗氧化活性；其透析和非透析部分在 FRAP 中表现出最高的活性，与矢车菊素 3,5-二葡萄糖苷、儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、原花青素 A2、槲皮素 3-葡萄糖苷和反式白藜芦醇相关（r=0.9）。在 DPPH 测定中，迷你玫瑰在非透析部分表现出最高的活性，而鸡冠花在透析部分表现出最高的活性，这主要与丁香酸（r=1.0）、矢车菊素 3,5-二葡萄糖苷和表儿茶素相关（r=0.9）。结果表明，在所研究的可食用花卉中，酚类物质的组成及其生物可利用性存在很大的变异性。我们的研究结果表明，宇宙和迷你玫瑰是具有高抗氧化活性的生物可利用酚类物质的来源。
