Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 1A1.
Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2020 May 25;375(1799):20190230. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0230. Epub 2020 Apr 6.
Spindles are ubiquitous oscillations during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. A growing body of evidence points to a possible link with learning and memory, and the underlying mechanisms are now starting to be unveiled. Specifically, spindles are associated with increased dendritic activity and high intracellular calcium levels, a situation favourable to plasticity, as well as with control of spiking output by feed-forward inhibition. During spindles, thalamocortical networks become unresponsive to inputs, thus potentially preventing interference between memory-related internal information processing and extrinsic signals. At the system level, spindles are co-modulated with other major NREM oscillations, including hippocampal sharp wave-ripples (SWRs) and neocortical slow waves, both previously shown to be associated with learning and memory. The sequential occurrence of reactivation at the time of SWRs followed by neuronal plasticity-promoting spindles is a possible mechanism to explain NREM sleep-dependent consolidation of memories. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Memory reactivation: replaying events past, present and future'.
纺锤波是在非快速眼动 (NREM) 睡眠期间普遍存在的振荡。越来越多的证据表明，它可能与学习和记忆有关，其潜在的机制也开始被揭示。具体来说，纺锤波与树突活动增加和细胞内钙离子水平升高有关，这种情况有利于可塑性，也与前馈抑制控制尖峰输出有关。在纺锤波期间，丘脑皮质网络对输入变得不敏感，从而可能防止与记忆相关的内部信息处理和外部信号之间的干扰。在系统水平上，纺锤波与其他主要的 NREM 振荡（包括海马体尖波涟漪 (SWR) 和新皮层慢波）共同调节，先前的研究表明它们与学习和记忆有关。在 SWR 时重新激活的顺序发生，随后是促进神经元可塑性的纺锤波，这可能是解释 NREM 睡眠依赖性记忆巩固的机制。本文是主题为“记忆再激活：重现过去、现在和未来的事件”的 Theo Murphy 会议专刊的一部分。
