State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Environ Microbiol. 2021 Feb;23(2):588-599. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.15010. Epub 2020 Apr 16.
Viruses can affect microbial dynamics, metabolism and biogeochemical cycles in aquatic ecosystems. However, viral diversity and functions in agricultural soils are poorly known, especially in the rhizosphere. We used virome analysis of eight rhizosphere and bulk soils to study viral diversity and potential biogeochemical impacts in an agro-ecosystem. The order Caudovirales was the predominant viral type in agricultural soils, with Siphoviridae being the most abundant family. Phylogenetic analysis of the terminase large subunit of Caudovirales identified high viral diversity and three novel groups. Viral community composition differed significantly between bulk and rhizosphere soils. Soil pH was the main environmental driver of the viral community structure. Remarkably, abundant auxiliary carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) genes were detected in viromes, including glycoside hydrolases, carbohydrate esterases and carbohydrate-binding modules. These results demonstrate that virus-encoded putative auxiliary metabolic genes or metabolic genes that may change bacterial metabolism and indirectly contribute to biogeochemical cycling, especially carbon cycling, in agricultural soil.
病毒会影响水生生态系统中的微生物动态、代谢和生物地球化学循环。然而，农业土壤中的病毒多样性和功能知之甚少，特别是在根际。我们使用 8 个根际和土壤样本的病毒组分析来研究农业生态系统中病毒的多样性和潜在的生物地球化学影响。有尾噬菌体目是农业土壤中主要的病毒类型，其中肌尾噬菌体科是最丰富的科。有尾噬菌体目的末端酶大亚基的系统发育分析确定了高病毒多样性和三个新的群组。根际和土壤样本中的病毒群落组成有显著差异。土壤 pH 是病毒群落结构的主要环境驱动因素。值得注意的是，在病毒组中检测到丰富的辅助碳水化合物活性酶 (CAZyme) 基因，包括糖苷水解酶、碳水化合物酯酶和碳水化合物结合模块。这些结果表明，病毒编码的假定辅助代谢基因或可能改变细菌代谢并间接促进生物地球化学循环（特别是农业土壤中的碳循环）的代谢基因。
