Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Chang Hai Road, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China.
Rhinology. 2020 Apr 1;58(2):145-150. doi: 10.4193/Rhin19.274.
Although ageing and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease, have been associated with olfaction impairment, studies exploring how to ameliorate this impairment are limited. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of various types of physical exercise on olfaction decline in ageing.
99 healthy community-dwelling participants (85 women; mean (SD) age, 62.5 (5.7) years) were included. All the participants were required to complete the tests consisting of a questionnaire, cognitive test and olfaction test.
Odor identification scores for participants who exercised regularly for more than 1 year (more than 3 times/wk; more than 30 min each time) were significantly higher than those for non-exercisers, and odor detection threshold scores were significantly higher in the exercisers. Both odor threshold and odor identification scores for those who exercised by practicing taiji (tai chi), dancing, or running were significantly better than those for participants who exercised by walking or who did not exercise.
Compared with those among older people who did not exercise, measures of olfaction among older adults who exercised were better, and the type of physical exercise mattered. Therefore, if physical exercise intervention is suggested to prevent or delay olfactory deterioration in older adults, the type of physical exercise should be considered.
尽管衰老和神经退行性疾病（包括阿尔茨海默病）与嗅觉障碍有关，但探索如何改善这种障碍的研究有限。本研究旨在确定各种类型的身体锻炼对衰老导致的嗅觉减退的影响。
纳入 99 名健康的社区居住参与者（85 名女性；平均（SD）年龄 62.5（5.7）岁）。所有参与者都需要完成包括问卷、认知测试和嗅觉测试的测试。
经常锻炼超过 1 年（每周超过 3 次；每次超过 30 分钟）的参与者的气味识别分数明显高于不锻炼者，且锻炼者的气味检测阈值分数也明显较高。练习太极（tai chi）、跳舞或跑步的参与者的气味阈值和气味识别分数均明显好于散步或不锻炼的参与者。
与不锻炼的老年人相比，锻炼的老年人的嗅觉测量指标更好，且运动类型很重要。因此，如果建议进行身体锻炼干预以预防或延缓老年人嗅觉恶化，应考虑身体锻炼的类型。
