CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal.
IFB - Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Brasília - IFB, Campus Ceilandia, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Jun;27(17):20972-20983. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-08515-8. Epub 2020 Apr 6.
The classification of wastes regarding hazardous property HP 14 (ecotoxicity) is essential for proper waste management. In the EU, HP 14 has been estimated based on waste chemical composition rather than using biotests, and guidelines for experimental assessment are still lacking. This study aims at evaluating the potential ecotoxicological impacts of weathered coal fly ash (CFA) from a landfill, as a case study to assess the current EU methodology used to classify wastes regarding HP 14. A large amount of CFA is still landfilled, but its valorisation would be of interest. The analysis was based on the chemical composition of CFA (in ClassifyMyWaste software), and on a battery of five biotests applied to eluates, with Lepidium sativum, Aliivibrio fischeri, Raphidocelis subcapitata, Lemna minor and Daphnia magna. Through chemical analysis, most of the simulations with data from the literature indicated "Possible Hazard", including the sample of this work. Biotests revealed low impairment for most endpoints. D. magna was the most sensitive organism, but the inhibitory effect was significantly reduced after pH adjustment of the eluate. The test with A. fischeri does not seem to be adequate to assess CFA due to the high variability observed in results. The methodology involving a simple battery of bioassays was proven to be enlightening, providing relevant results for HP 14 assessment. The chosen battery of biotests (excluding the A. fischeri test) may be a good starting point to represent the aquatic environment in this context. In short, it seems that weathered CFA can be considered non-hazardous, and therefore the material under analysis could be valorised in practical applications without significant ecotoxic effect on the environment.
废物的危害性分类 HP14（生态毒性）对于正确的废物管理至关重要。在欧盟，HP14 的分类是基于废物的化学组成，而不是使用生物测试，并且仍然缺乏实验评估指南。本研究旨在评估来自垃圾填埋场的风化煤飞灰（CFA）的潜在生态毒性影响，作为评估当前欧盟用于 HP14 废物分类的方法的案例研究。大量的 CFA 仍被填埋，但对其进行利用将具有重要意义。该分析基于 CFA 的化学组成（在 ClassifyMyWaste 软件中），以及应用于浸出液的五组生物测试，包括蕈菜、发光杆菌、水蚤、浮萍和大型溞。通过化学分析，大多数使用文献数据的模拟表明存在“可能的危害”，包括本工作的样本。生物测试显示大多数终点的损害程度较低。大型溞是最敏感的生物，但在调整浸出液的 pH 值后，抑制作用显著降低。由于观察到结果的高度变异性，用发光杆菌进行的测试似乎不适用于评估 CFA。涉及简单生物测定组的方法被证明具有启发性，为 HP14 评估提供了相关结果。所选的生物测试组合（不包括发光杆菌测试）可能是代表该背景下水生环境的良好起点。简而言之，风化的 CFA 似乎可以被认为是无危险的，因此，在实际应用中，所分析的材料可以被利用，而不会对环境产生显著的生态毒性影响。
