Department of Energy Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086, Tallinn, Estonia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Jul;31(35):48523-48533. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-34387-3. Epub 2024 Jul 20.
The European Union's (EU) regulation for the waste classification based on their ecotoxicological hazard (hazardous property HP14) came into force on 5 July 2018. The regulation advocates the utilisation of computational formulae for the hazard classification of waste associated with hazardous property HP14. Concurrently, ecotoxicological testing remains an alternative. To date, the absence of a consensus regarding test organisms and methodologies has vested EU member states with autonomy in determining the approach for conducting ecotoxicity assessments. The discussions on waste classification are also ongoing globally, namely the discussions under the Basel Convention. This paper endeavours to elucidate whether the widely employed test organisms, Daphnia magna and Aliivibrio fischeri, may serve as suitable indicators for the evaluation of the ecotoxicity of waste. The research is grounded in the examination of ashes derived from a combustion process of calcium-rich fuel. Ecotoxicity testing was conducted on 14 ash samples with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 10:1. The results of the Aliivibrio fischeri testing indicated that all 14 ash samples were non-hazardous in terms of their ecotoxicity. However, the results of the Daphnia magna testing showed the opposite, suggesting that the ash samples may have the potential to be ecotoxic. This study offers valuable insights into ecotoxicity assessment and waste classification, emphasising the need for scientific rigour and comprehensive understanding before making regulatory decisions. It also situates its findings within the broader global context of waste management discussions, particularly those related to international agreements like the Basel Convention.
欧盟（EU）于 2018 年 7 月 5 日开始实施基于其生态毒性危害（危害特性 HP14）的废物分类法规。该法规提倡使用计算式来对与危害特性 HP14 相关的废物进行危害分类。同时，生态毒性测试仍然是一种替代方法。迄今为止，由于缺乏关于测试生物和方法学的共识，欧盟成员国在确定进行生态毒性评估的方法方面拥有自主权。废物分类的讨论也在全球范围内进行，即《巴塞尔公约》下的讨论。本文旨在阐明广泛使用的测试生物——大型溞（Daphnia magna）和发光菌（Aliivibrio fischeri）是否可以作为评估废物生态毒性的合适指标。该研究基于对富含钙燃料燃烧过程产生的灰烬的研究。对 14 个灰烬样本进行了 10:1 的液固比的生态毒性测试。发光菌测试的结果表明，这 14 个灰烬样本在生态毒性方面均无危害。然而，大型溞测试的结果则相反，表明这些灰烬样本可能具有生态毒性。本研究为生态毒性评估和废物分类提供了有价值的见解，强调在做出监管决策之前需要进行科学严谨和全面的理解。它还将其发现置于更广泛的全球废物管理讨论背景下，特别是在《巴塞尔公约》等国际协议的背景下。
