Pietrzak Barbara, Rabus Max, Religa Maciej, Laforsch Christian, Dańko Maciej J
Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland.
Animal Ecology I and BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
R Soc Open Sci. 2020 Feb 5;7(2):191382. doi: 10.1098/rsos.191382. eCollection 2020 Feb.
Recognising the nature of the predation risk, and responding to it accurately, is crucial to fitness. Yet, even the most accurate adaptive responses to predation risk usually entail costs, both immediate and lifelong. Rooting in life-history theory, we hypothesize that an animal can perceive the nuances of prey size and age selectivity by the predator and modulate its life history accordingly. We test the prediction that-contrary to the faster or earlier senescence under predation risk that increases with prey size and age-under predation risk that decreases with prey size and age either no senescence acceleration or even its deceleration is to be observed. We use two species of indeterminate growers, small crustaceans of the genus , and , as the model prey, and their respective gape-limited invertebrate predators, a dipteran, midge larva , and a notostracan, tadpole shrimp . We analyse age-specific survival, mortality and fertility rates, and find no senescence acceleration, as predicted. With this study, we complete the picture of the expected non-consumptive phenotypic effects of perceived predation pressure of different age-dependence patterns.
认识到捕食风险的本质并准确应对，对适应性至关重要。然而，即使是对捕食风险最准确的适应性反应通常也会带来直接和终身的成本。基于生活史理论，我们假设动物能够感知捕食者对猎物大小和年龄的选择性细微差别，并相应地调整其生活史。我们检验了这样一个预测：与随着猎物大小和年龄增加捕食风险下更快或更早衰老相反，在随着猎物大小和年龄降低的捕食风险下，要么不会观察到衰老加速，甚至会观察到衰老减速。我们使用两种不确定生长的物种，即 属的小型甲壳类动物 和 ，作为模型猎物，以及它们各自口裂限制的无脊椎动物捕食者，一种双翅目摇蚊幼虫 和一种背甲目鲎虫 。我们分析了特定年龄的存活率、死亡率和繁殖率，结果正如预测的那样，没有发现衰老加速。通过这项研究，我们完善了不同年龄依赖模式下感知到的捕食压力预期非消耗性表型效应的全貌。
