Xu Yu, Zhan Zifeng, Xu Kuidong
Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.
PeerJ. 2020 Mar 25;8:e8832. doi: 10.7717/peerj.8832. eCollection 2020.
Three new species of were discovered from seamounts in the tropical Western Pacific Ocean. sp. nov. and sp. nov. were collected from the Kocebu Guyot of the Magellan Seamount chain with the water depth of 1,821 m and 1,279-1,321 m, respectively, and sp. nov. was collected from a seamount adjacent to the Mariana Trench with the water depth of 298 m. They all belong to the "group A, Spiculosae" with rods distributed in body wall and tentacles, and differ from all congeners except Pante & Watling, 2012 by having a tree-shaped colony (vs. bottlebrush-shaped, planar or biflabellate). sp. nov. is unique in having a monopodial stem, the 1/3L branching sequence and the amoeba-shaped sclerites (sclerites branched toward to many directions) at the body bases of polyps. sp. nov. is most similar to , but differs by the regular 1/3L branching sequence and elongate flat scales in coenenchyme. sp. nov. is easily separated from congeners by the 1/4L branching sequence, the absence of sclerites in the basal body wall, and the very sparse scales in coenenchyme. Based on the phylogenetic and genetic distance analyses of mtMutS gene, all the available species were separated into two main groups: one includes , cf. and , which have two or more fans emerging from a short main stem (bi- or multi-flabellate colony); the other one includes all the species with the branching patterns as a single ascending spiral (clockwise or counterclockwise, bottlebrush-shaped colony), a fan (planar colony) and a bush of branches perched on top of a long straight stem (tree-shaped colony). Additionally, the tree-shaped colony represents a new branching pattern in , and therefore we extend the generic diagnosis.
在热带西太平洋的海山中发现了三种新的[物种名称未给出]。新物种[物种名称1]和新物种[物种名称2]分别从麦哲伦海山链的科塞布海台采集，水深分别为1821米和1279 - 1321米，新物种[物种名称3]从马里亚纳海沟附近的一座海山采集，水深为298米。它们都属于[属名未给出]的“A组，Spiculosae”，杆状体分布在体壁和触须中，与2012年的Pante & Watling描述的所有同属物种不同，具有树状群体（与刷状、平面或双扇形相对）。新物种[物种名称1]的独特之处在于具有单轴茎、1/3L分支序列以及在息肉体基部呈变形虫状的骨针（骨针向多个方向分支）。新物种[物种名称2]与[类似物种名称]最为相似，但在共肉中有规则的1/3L分支序列和细长扁平鳞片而有所不同。新物种[物种名称3]通过1/4L分支序列、基部体壁中无骨针以及共肉中非常稀疏的鳞片很容易与同属物种区分开来。基于mtMutS基因的系统发育和遗传距离分析，所有现有的[属名未给出]物种被分为两个主要组：一组包括[物种名称4]、[类似物种名称2]和[物种名称5]，它们有两个或更多的扇形从短的主茎上长出（双扇形或多扇形群体）；另一组包括所有具有单上升螺旋分支模式（顺时针或逆时针，刷状群体）、扇形（平面群体）和位于长直茎顶部的分支丛（树状群体）的物种。此外，树状群体代表了[属名未给出]中的一种新的分支模式，因此我们扩展了属的诊断。
